The cognitive approach to explaining deptession

Question 1

What is the cognitive approaches stance innexplaining depression ?

Answer 1

• underlying assoumption is that depression is a disturbance in thinking
• individuals negative thoughts
• irrational thoughts
• misinterpretation of events as being the cause of depression

Question 2

According to Beck, what do people with depression do ?

Answer 2

People with depression view the world negatively through negative schemas and cognitive biases

Question 3

When do negative schemas develop ?

Answer 3

Negative schemas develop in childhood

Question 4

When do negative schemas also develop ?

Answer 4

When adults place unrealistic expectations on the child and are highly critical

Question 5

State becks negative triad ?

Answer 5

Negative views about oneself -> negative views about the world -> negative views about the future

Question 6

What are the 3 negative schemas ?

Answer 6

• ineptness schema
• self-blame schemas
• negative self-evaluation schemas

Question 7

Ineptness schemas

Answer 7

Make people with depression expect to fail

Question 8

Self blame schemas

Answer 8

Makes depressives feel responsible for all misfortunes

Question 9

Negative self evaluation schemas

Answer 9

Contsantly reminds depressives of their worthlessness

Question 10

What are the 4 cognitive biases

Answer 10

• arbitary inferences
• selective abstraction
• overgeneralisation
• magnification and minimaalisation

Question 11

Arbitary inferences

Answer 11

Conclusions drawn in the absence of sufficient evidence

Question 12

Selective abstraction

Answer 12

Conclusions drawn from just one part of a situation

Question 13

Overgeneralisation

Answer 13

Sweeping conclusions drawn on the basis of a single event

Question 14

Magnification + minimalisation

Answer 14

Exaggerations in evaluation of peformance

Question 15

What did Albert Ellis propose

Answer 15

Ellis proposed that good mental health is the result of rational thinking

Question 16

What did ellis argue

Answer 16

Ellis argued that there are common irrational beleifs that ubderline much of depression and sufferers have based their lives on these beleifs

Question 17

State Ellis’s ABC model

Answer 17

A - activating agent
B - beliefs
C - consequence

Question 18

Activating agent

Answer 18

Something in the environment

Question 19

Beleifs

Answer 19

You hold a beleif about an event

Question 20

Consequence

Answer 20

You have an emotional response

Question 21

What if beleifs are subject to cognitive biases ?

Answer 21

Then they can cause irrational thinking which may produce undesirable behaviours