The Cognitive Approach Flashcards
What is the cognitive approach?
The study of internal mental processes, the role of schema, the use of theoretical and computer models to make inferences about mental processes. The emergence of cognitive neuroscience. Developed in 1950โs as a response to the behaviourist approach
Define the cognitive approach?
It means โmental processesโ so concentrates on how mental processes effect behaviour such as thoughts, perception and attention
Define internal mental processes?
โPrivateโ operations of the mind such as perception and attention that mediate between stimulus and response
Define schema?
A framework of beliefs and expectations which are developed from experience
Define inference?
The process where conclusions are drawn
Define cognitive neuroscience?
The scientific study of biological structures that underpin cognitive processes
What are the key assumptions of the cognitive approach?
Internal mental processes should be studied scientifically and therefore study previously neglected areas of psychology such as memory, perception and thinking.
Cognitive processes are studied indirectly so that inferences can be made.
What is one important theoretical model within the cognitive approach? (assumption)
The information processing approach which suggests that information flows through the cognitive system in a sequence of stages that include import, storage and retrieval (as in the MSM)
What is the computer model/computer analogy?
It suggests there are similarities in the way that information is processed. Uses the concept of the central processing unit (the brain) and the concept of coding (tuning info into a useable format) and use of stores to hold info. Some parts work sequentially and some in parallel
Follow same route- data input, data processing, data output
Why have computational models proved useful?
Helped development of thinking machines or artificial intelligence - application
What is the role of schema? (assumptions)
Cognitive processes can often be affected by a personโs beliefs or expectations - often referred to as schema (packages of ideas and info developed through experience
What do schema act as?
Mental framework for the interpretation of incoming info received by the cognitive system
What do schema enable us to do?
Process lots of info quickly- useful as a mental shortcut that prevents us being overwhelmed by our environment
Give an example of a scheme?
Everyone has a schema for making a cup of tea- babies born with simple schemas e.g sucking that become more sophisticated as we get older
What is neuroscience? (assumptions)
The scientific study of the brain structures on mental processes - mapping brain areas to specific functions has a long history in psychology