The Classification of Matter Flashcards
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
Matter
Something that can not be broken down into simpler matter using physical methods.
Pure Substance
Two Types of Substance
Elements and Compounds
Are the simplest kind of pure substance. There are 118 elements, each made of a different type of atom. Not all elements are equally common.
Elements
- Are pure substances that are composed of multiple types of elements (2 or more), chemically bonded to one another. Compounds cannot be broken down by physical methods (they can be broken down by chemical reactions.
- Have definite compositions, with element ratios indicated by subscripts. We call this building block the “water molecule”.
- The properties of compounds are very different from the properties of the elements that make them up.
Compounds
Different structural forms of the same element.
Allotropes
A _________ is something that can be broken down into simpler materials using physical methods. A combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Mixtures
3 Possible Types of Mixtures
- Element + Another Element
- Compound + Another Compound
- Element + Compound
2 Main Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture and Heterogeneous Mixture
- Uniform composition
- Clear and Transparent
- Light passes through without any obstruction.
- In this kind of mixture, you cannot distinguish the components.
- The parts are distributed evenly. (Ex. salt water, syrup, air)
- Homogeneous mixtures of liquids are called solutions. Homogeneous mixtures of metallic atoms are called ALLOYS.
Homogeneous Mixture
- Non-uniform composition
- Translucent or Opaque
- Light either is refracted or does not pass through the mixture.
- In this kind of mixture, you can distinguish all the components
- The parts are distributed evenly. (Ex. spaghetti and meatballs, water and oil mixture, smoke, mud water, milk)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Consists of a single atom.
Monatomic Elements
There are seven diatomic elements: hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, and bromine.
Diatomic Elements
Is a chemical element that naturally exists as a compound molecule containing more than three atoms of the same element.
Polyatomic Elements
A _______ is a homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances that are evenly mixed.
Solution
A _______ is a heterogeneous mixture where particles of each compound can be seen separately even with the naked eye. It is composed of substances that settle to the bottom of the container over time. Its particles are large enough to be filtered.
Suspension
A _______ is a heterogeneous mixture composed of scattered particles that cause a tyndall effect, wherein light gets scattered in all directions.
Colloid
