The Circulatory System and Blood Flashcards
Why are circulatory systems essential in multicellular organisms
To ensure every cell can receive oxygen and nutrients
What does Pulmonary systems mean
System which goes to and from the lungs
What does Systemic systems mean
System which goes to and back from the rest of the body
What are the 3 functions of blood
Transport, temperature and immunity
What are the 4 Compositions of blood
Plasma, RBC, WBC and Platelets
What is the liquid part of the blood called
Plasma
What % of blood does plasma make up
55%
What is plasma made 90% from
Water
What does plasma transport
Dissolved foodstuffs and waste product
What is the function of RBC
To carry oxygen around the body
What do RBC contain to deliver oxygen to tissues
Hemoglobin
What shape do RBC have to increase surface area
Biconcave
Do RBC have a nucleas
NO
What is the function of WBC
To defend the body against pathogens
What are Platelets
Cellular fragments that play a major role in the clotting mechanism
What are the 3 types of blood vessels
Arteries, Veins and capillaries
Where do Arteries carry blood
Away from the heart
What do Arteries posses to help withstand high blood pressure
A thick muscular wall and small lumen
Where do Veins carry blood
Towards the heart
What size Lumen and muscular walls do Veins have
Large Lumen and Thin muscular walls
What do Veins contain to prevent the backflow of blood
Valves
What are capillaries connected to
Veins
What size are capillaries
Thin and very narrow (one cell thick)
Why are capillaries permeable
To allow certain molecules to pass in and out
How many chambers are in the heart
4
What are the 4 chambers in the heart called
Right and left Atria and Right and left Ventricle
What are the names of the 2 valves that separate the chambers of the heart
Bicuspid and Tricuspid valves
What separates the 2 sides of the heart
The Septum
What controls heart rate
Pace maker
What valve prevents the backflow of blood
Semilunar valves
What is the muscle in the heart that is responsible for pumping blood
Cardiac muscle
What is the function of the aorta
Carries oxygenated blood around the body
What is the function of the Vena Cava
Carry de-oxygenated blood back to the heart
What are the 2 veins in the Vena Cava
Inferior and superior veins
What is the function of the Pulmonary Artery
Carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the function of the Pulmonary Vein
Carries re-oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the cardiac cycle
The complete sequence of blood filling and emptying from the heart
What is Diastole
Period of relaxation when the heart empties
What is the name of the 2 parts of the pacemaker
The Sino atrial and the atrioventricular
Where is the Sino atrial found
The wall of the right atrium
What does the Sino atrial do
Sends an impulse which causes the wall of the atria to contract
What is the Impulse picked up by
The atrioventricular node
What is the sound of a heartbeat made by
The cuspid valves and semilunar valves closing
Why is the wall of the left atrium bigger
It needs to pump the blood further around the body
What does blood pressure measure
the force of the blood against the artery
What do veins contain to prevent the backflow of blood
Valves
