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Biology > The Circulatory System and Blood > Flashcards

The Circulatory System and Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are circulatory systems essential in multicellular organisms

A

To ensure every cell can receive oxygen and nutrients

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2
Q

What does Pulmonary systems mean

A

System which goes to and from the lungs

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3
Q

What does Systemic systems mean

A

System which goes to and back from the rest of the body

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4
Q

What are the 3 functions of blood

A

Transport, temperature and immunity

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5
Q

What are the 4 Compositions of blood

A

Plasma, RBC, WBC and Platelets

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6
Q

What is the liquid part of the blood called

A

Plasma

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7
Q

What % of blood does plasma make up

A

55%

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8
Q

What is plasma made 90% from

A

Water

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9
Q

What does plasma transport

A

Dissolved foodstuffs and waste product

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10
Q

What is the function of RBC

A

To carry oxygen around the body

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11
Q

What do RBC contain to deliver oxygen to tissues

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

What shape do RBC have to increase surface area

A

Biconcave

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13
Q

Do RBC have a nucleas

A

NO

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14
Q

What is the function of WBC

A

To defend the body against pathogens

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15
Q

What are Platelets

A

Cellular fragments that play a major role in the clotting mechanism

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

A

Arteries, Veins and capillaries

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17
Q

Where do Arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart

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18
Q

What do Arteries posses to help withstand high blood pressure

A

A thick muscular wall and small lumen

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19
Q

Where do Veins carry blood

A

Towards the heart

20
Q

What size Lumen and muscular walls do Veins have

A

Large Lumen and Thin muscular walls

21
Q

What do Veins contain to prevent the backflow of blood

A

Valves

22
Q

What are capillaries connected to

A

Veins

23
Q

What size are capillaries

A

Thin and very narrow (one cell thick)

24
Q

Why are capillaries permeable

A

To allow certain molecules to pass in and out

25
Q

How many chambers are in the heart

A

4

26
Q

What are the 4 chambers in the heart called

A

Right and left Atria and Right and left Ventricle

27
Q

What are the names of the 2 valves that separate the chambers of the heart

A

Bicuspid and Tricuspid valves

28
Q

What separates the 2 sides of the heart

A

The Septum

29
Q

What controls heart rate

A

Pace maker

30
Q

What valve prevents the backflow of blood

A

Semilunar valves

31
Q

What is the muscle in the heart that is responsible for pumping blood

A

Cardiac muscle

32
Q

What is the function of the aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood around the body

33
Q

What is the function of the Vena Cava

A

Carry de-oxygenated blood back to the heart

34
Q

What are the 2 veins in the Vena Cava

A

Inferior and superior veins

35
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Artery

A

Carries de-oxygenated blood to the lungs

36
Q

What is the function of the Pulmonary Vein

A

Carries re-oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

37
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

The complete sequence of blood filling and emptying from the heart

38
Q

What is Diastole

A

Period of relaxation when the heart empties

39
Q

What is the name of the 2 parts of the pacemaker

A

The Sino atrial and the atrioventricular

40
Q

Where is the Sino atrial found

A

The wall of the right atrium

41
Q

What does the Sino atrial do

A

Sends an impulse which causes the wall of the atria to contract

42
Q

What is the Impulse picked up by

A

The atrioventricular node

43
Q

What is the sound of a heartbeat made by

A

The cuspid valves and semilunar valves closing

44
Q

Why is the wall of the left atrium bigger

A

It needs to pump the blood further around the body

45
Q

What does blood pressure measure

A

the force of the blood against the artery

46
Q

What do veins contain to prevent the backflow of blood

A

Valves

Biology (6 decks)

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