the circulatory system

Question 1

aortic arch

Answer 1

the most superior part of the aorta. it gives rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery

Question 2

aortic valve

Answer 2

the semilunar valve at the beginning of the aorta. it prevents regurgitation of aortic blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

Question 3

ascending aorta

Answer 3

the initial part of the aorta, from the aortic valve to the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk. it gives rise to the coronary arteries

Question 4

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 4

the brachiocephalic artery is the first branch of the aortic arch. it gives off the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries

Question 5

chordae tendineae

Answer 5

fibrous bands that anchor the edges of atrioventricular valve leaflets to the apices of papillary muscles

Question 6

descending aorta

Answer 6

the part of the aorta dista to the arch. it supplies the posterior chest wall, spinal cord, abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

Question 7

inferior vena cava

Answer 7

the largest vein of the abdomen. it carries blood from the lower limb, pelvis, kidneys, and posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

cusp of mitral valve

Answer 8

one of the two leaflets. the edge of each is anchored by chordae tendineae and a papillary muscle to the left ventricle wall

Question 9

cusp of tricuspid valve

Answer 9

one of three leaflets. the edge of each is anchored by chordea tendineae and a papillary muscle to the right ventricle wall

Question 10

left atrium

Answer 10

the chamber that receives relatively oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle

Question 11

left brachiocephalic vein

Answer 11

the vein draining systemic venous blood from the left head and neck and left upper limb

Question 12

left common carotid artery

Answer 12

the branch of the arch of the aorta that supplies the left head and neck

Question 13

left pulmonary artery

Answer 13

the branch of the pulmonary artery that supplies relatively deoxygenated blood to the left lung

Question 14

left inferior pulmonary vein

Answer 14

one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 15

left subclavian artery

Answer 15

the branch of the arch of the aorta that supplies the left upper limb

Question 16

left superior pulmonary vein

Answer 16

one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 17

left ventricle

Answer 17

the heart chamber that develops the highest pressure and therefore has the thickest muscle wall. its interior cavity pumps blood to the ascending aorta

Question 18

opening of coronary sinus

Answer 18

the opening of a large vein that drains blood from most of the heart muscle. it enters the right atrium above the opening of the tricuspid valve

Question 19

papillary muscle

Answer 19

a small muscular projection that anchors the chordae tendineae and hence atrioventricular valve leaflets to the heart wall. the papillary muscles contract during ventricular systole to keep the valve leaflets closed

Question 20

pericardium

Answer 20

the multilayers sac that encloses the heart. the outermost fibrous layer that anchors the heart to adjacent structures. the inner, serous double layer provides a fluid-filled space to reduce friction during beating of the heart

Question 21

pulmonary valve

Answer 21

the semilunar valve at the outflow from the right ventricle. it prevents regurgitation of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle during diastole

Question 22

right atrium

Answer 22

the heart chamber that receives systemic venous blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the veins draining blood from the heart itself

Question 23

right brachiocephalic vein

Answer 23

the vein draining systemic venous blood from the right head and neck and right upper limb

Question 24

right inferior pulmonary vein

Answer 24

one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 25

right pulmonary artery

Answer 25

the branch of the pulmonary artery that supplies deoxygenated blood to the right lung

Question 26

right superior pulmonary right

Answer 26

one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 27

right ventricle

Answer 27

the heart chamber that pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation. it has a thinner wall than the left ventricle because it develops lower pressures

Question 28

superior vena cava

Answer 28

the large vein that drains blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs into the right atrium of the heart