the circulatory system Flashcards
aortic arch
the most superior part of the aorta. it gives rise to the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery
aortic valve
the semilunar valve at the beginning of the aorta. it prevents regurgitation of aortic blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole
ascending aorta
the initial part of the aorta, from the aortic valve to the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk. it gives rise to the coronary arteries
brachiocephalic trunk
the brachiocephalic artery is the first branch of the aortic arch. it gives off the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
chordae tendineae
fibrous bands that anchor the edges of atrioventricular valve leaflets to the apices of papillary muscles
descending aorta
the part of the aorta dista to the arch. it supplies the posterior chest wall, spinal cord, abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs
inferior vena cava
the largest vein of the abdomen. it carries blood from the lower limb, pelvis, kidneys, and posterior abdominal wall
cusp of mitral valve
one of the two leaflets. the edge of each is anchored by chordae tendineae and a papillary muscle to the left ventricle wall
cusp of tricuspid valve
one of three leaflets. the edge of each is anchored by chordea tendineae and a papillary muscle to the right ventricle wall
left atrium
the chamber that receives relatively oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle
left brachiocephalic vein
the vein draining systemic venous blood from the left head and neck and left upper limb
left common carotid artery
the branch of the arch of the aorta that supplies the left head and neck
left pulmonary artery
the branch of the pulmonary artery that supplies relatively deoxygenated blood to the left lung
left inferior pulmonary vein
one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium
left subclavian artery
the branch of the arch of the aorta that supplies the left upper limb
left superior pulmonary vein
one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium
left ventricle
the heart chamber that develops the highest pressure and therefore has the thickest muscle wall. its interior cavity pumps blood to the ascending aorta
opening of coronary sinus
the opening of a large vein that drains blood from most of the heart muscle. it enters the right atrium above the opening of the tricuspid valve
papillary muscle
a small muscular projection that anchors the chordae tendineae and hence atrioventricular valve leaflets to the heart wall. the papillary muscles contract during ventricular systole to keep the valve leaflets closed
pericardium
the multilayers sac that encloses the heart. the outermost fibrous layer that anchors the heart to adjacent structures. the inner, serous double layer provides a fluid-filled space to reduce friction during beating of the heart
pulmonary valve
the semilunar valve at the outflow from the right ventricle. it prevents regurgitation of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle during diastole
right atrium
the heart chamber that receives systemic venous blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the veins draining blood from the heart itself
right brachiocephalic vein
the vein draining systemic venous blood from the right head and neck and right upper limb
right inferior pulmonary vein
one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium
right pulmonary artery
the branch of the pulmonary artery that supplies deoxygenated blood to the right lung
right superior pulmonary right
one of four veins returning relatively oxygenated blood to the left atrium
right ventricle
the heart chamber that pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation. it has a thinner wall than the left ventricle because it develops lower pressures
superior vena cava
the large vein that drains blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs into the right atrium of the heart
