The Circulatory System Flashcards
Blood
Temperature of blood
≈100.4° F
pH of blood
≈7.4
An adult male has ___ liters of blood
5-6
An adult female has ___ liters of blood
4-5
Composition of blood
50% Plasma, 45% formed elements
plasma
the fluid part of blood
plasma is made up of:
92% water
7% dissolved plasma proteins
1% other solutes
formed elements
blood cells and cell fragments that are suspended in plasma
erythrocytes
red blood cells
hemoglobin
protein in erythrocytes that binds to and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
where are erythrocytes formed?
red bone marrow
shape of erythrocytes
thin in the center, thick around the edges
life span of red blood cell
around 120 days
do red blood cells have organelles?
no - they have no nucleus or organelles, so they cannot divide
Leukocytes
white blood cells
do leukocytes have a nucleus?
yes, but they do not contain hemoglobin
function of leukocytes
remove toxins, wastes, abnormal / damaged cells
defend against pathogens
what movement to leukocytes use?
Amoebid movement - surround and engulf
how are leukocytes drawn to invaders and damaged tissue?
they are attracted to certain chemicals
Five types of Leukocytes
neutrophils
eosinophil
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
neutrophil
white blood cell that engulfs and digests bacteria
eosinophil
white blood cells that attack antibody-labeled materials
basophils
white blood cells that contain Histamine and Herapin; cause local inflammation
monocytes
white blood cells that engulf pathogens and debris
lymphocytes
white blood cells that secrete antibodies and attack foreign and abnormal cells
platelets
cell fragments that contain only cytoplasm and membranes
what formed element initiates clotting?
platelets
