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First Quarterly Examination - Science > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the fluid between tissues.

A

Interstitial Fluid

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2
Q

What are the two types of Circulatory Systems?

A

Open Circulatory System & Closed Circulatory System

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3
Q

What is the circulating fluid of the Closed Circulatory System?

A

Blood

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4
Q

What is the circulating fluid of the Open Circulatory System?

A

Hemolymph

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5
Q

It is when the blood is confined in the blood vessels.

A

Closed Circulatory System

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6
Q

It is when the hemolymph is not enclosed in a tube or vessel.

A

Open Circulatory System

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7
Q

It is where blood flows.

A

Diffusion

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8
Q

It is composed of a duct system (arteries) and body spaces, where blood flows via diffusion.

A

Open Circulatory System

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9
Q

What is the blood flow of the Closed Circulatory System?

A

Heart - Artery - Capillaries - Cells, tissues - Capillaries - Veins - Back to the heart

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10
Q

What is the blood flow of the Open Circulatory System?

A

Heart - Arterial system - Cells, tissues - Body spaces (sinuses) - Back to heart via diffusion

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11
Q

It is when the blood passes through the heart once or twice.

A

Single and Double Circulation

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The oxygenated blood from the body enters the atrium via the sinus venosus.

A

FALSE; Deoxygenated Blood

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13
Q

What are the two pumping circuits in the double circulation?

A

The Pulmonary Circuit & The Systematic Circuit

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14
Q

This is where the blood that passes through the respiratory capillaries will be returned to the heart first instead of going directly to the systematic capillaries.

A

Double Circulation

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15
Q

What are two unique arteries and veins?

A

Pulmonary Arteries & Pulmonary Veins

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16
Q

All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart except for the __________, which carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.

A

Pulmonary Arteries

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17
Q

All veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart except for the __________, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

A

Pulmonary Veins

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18
Q

What is the challenge in a double circulation?

A

The challenge would be preventing the mixing of deoxygenated blood from the veins and oxygenated blood from the lungs that will both pass through the heart.

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19
Q

Pulmocutaneous comes from the words pulmo and cutaneous, which means ______ and _______, respectively.

A

Lungs and Skin

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20
Q

This circuit is responsible for bringing blood to the skin for gas exchange to occur.

A

Pulmocutaneous Circuit

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21
Q

What are the two groups of the ventricle?

A

Left Atrium and Left Ventricle & Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

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22
Q

These receive and pump oxygenated blood.

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

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23
Q

These receive and pump deoxygenated blood.

A

Right atrium and right ventricle

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the sinus venosus in the vertebrate heart?

A

To be a pacemaker – the origin of the impulses that initiate the heartbeat.

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25
Q

This is the tissue that persists in the right atrial wall of mammalian and avian hearts.

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

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26
Q

It is also known as warm-blooded animals that have the ability to maintain their internal body temperature independent of the environment.

A

Endotherms

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27
Q

What are the three physical characteristics of blood?

A

Metallic taste, sticky, and opaque

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28
Q

What is the pH of blood?

A

Ranges from 7.35 and 7.45 (slightly alkaline or basic)

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29
Q

How much blood represents the total body weight in a human body?

A

8%

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30
Q

How much blood does an adult female have?

A

4 to 5 liters

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31
Q

How much blood does an adult male have?

A

5 to 6 liters

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32
Q

These are the formed elements that constitute 45% of the total blood volume.

A

Cellular components

33
Q

What fluid component is the remaining 55%?

A

Plasma

34
Q

These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen.

A

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

35
Q

It is a whitish layer that is seen above the red blood cells.

A

Buffy coat

36
Q

These cells fight foreign invaders in the body.

A

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

37
Q

These cells aid in blood clotting.

A

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

38
Q

What is the fraction of erythrocytes in the total blood volume?

A

Hematocrit

39
Q

What is the shape of an RBC?

A

Biconcave

40
Q

It is an iron-containing protein.

A

Hemoglobin

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Red Blood Cells do not have mitochondria as well.

A

TRUE

42
Q

What are the five types of White Blood Cells?

A

Basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocytes, and monocytes

43
Q

It is a white blood cell that aids in allergic reactions.

A

Basophil

44
Q

It is a white blood cell that assists in regulating parasitic infection and allergic reactions.

A

Eosinophil

45
Q

It is a white blood cell that helps in fighting bacterial and fungal infections.

A

Neutrophil

46
Q

It is a white blood cell that is responsible for viral infection and adaptive immunity.

A

Lymphocyte

47
Q

It is a white blood cell that fights chronic infections and belongs to innate immunity.

A

Monocyte

48
Q

The word thrombocyte comes from the word ________, which means _______.

A

(1) Thrombus, (2) Clot

49
Q

What is the liquid component of the blood?

A

Plasma

50
Q

What are the three plasma proteins that play a role in regulating water movement between tissues and blood, protecting against foreign invaders and carrying lips and steroid hormones, and helping in blood clotting, respectively?

A

Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen

51
Q

What is the blood pH that is normal for humans?

A

7.4

52
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A

Artery, vein, and capillary

53
Q

It is where blood away from the heart passes through.

A

Artery

54
Q

It is where blood from all parts of the heart passes through.

A

Vein

55
Q

It is the smallest vessel where gas exchange occurs.

A

Capillary

56
Q

It is the interior cavity through which blood flows.

A

Lumen

57
Q

What type of blood vessel has the largest diameter?

A

Vein

58
Q

It is a layer of flattened epithelial cells.

A

Endothelium

59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Veins have thicker layers than the arteries, which is important to accommodate blood pumped at high pressure by the heart.

A

FALSE; Arteries have thicker layers than veins.

60
Q

These have the highest total cross-sectional area because the number of units is so numerous.

A

Capillaries

61
Q

It is created when the ventricle of the heart contracts.

A

Blood pressure

62
Q

It is the first site where blood flowing away from the heart goes and it also receives the highest pressure.

A

Aorta

63
Q

What are the three groups of the heart?

A

The chambers, the vessels, and the valves

64
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Two atria and two ventricles

65
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle.

A

TRUE

66
Q

It is the biggest artery.

A

Aorta

67
Q

What are the two biggest veins?

A

Superior Vena Cava & Inferior Vena Cava

68
Q

What are the four valves?

A

Mitral Valve, Tricuspid Valve, Pulmonary Valve, & Aortic Valve

69
Q

What is the other term for Mitral and Tricuspid Valves?

A

Atrioventricular Valves

70
Q

It is characterized by a rounded swelling in any arterial wall but usually in the aorta.

A

Aneurysm

71
Q

It is due to the fats, cholesterol, cellular debris, calcium, and other substances build up in the wall of an artery.

A

Atherosclerosis

72
Q

It involves heart defects present from birth. It can be defects in the walls of the heart, heart valves, and blood vessels near the heart.

A

Congenital Heart Defects

73
Q

It is the force of blood against the arterial walls that can lead to health problems such as heart disease.

A

Hypertension

74
Q

What is the other term for Hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

75
Q

It is a hemophilic individual that lacks clotting proteins.

A

Hemophilia

76
Q

This is characterized by a damaged vessel supplying blood to the heart.

A

Coronary heart disease

77
Q

These are the first respondents during injury or infection.

A

Granulocytes

78
Q

These are the adaptive immune response.

A

Agranulocytes

First Quarterly Examination - Science (4 decks)

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