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First Quarterly Examination - Science > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

It is the fluid between tissues.

A

Interstitial Fluid

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2
Q

What are the two types of Circulatory Systems?

A

Open Circulatory System & Closed Circulatory System

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3
Q

What is the circulating fluid of the Closed Circulatory System?

A

Blood

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4
Q

What is the circulating fluid of the Open Circulatory System?

A

Hemolymph

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5
Q

It is when the blood is confined in the blood vessels.

A

Closed Circulatory System

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6
Q

It is when the hemolymph is not enclosed in a tube or vessel.

A

Open Circulatory System

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7
Q

It is where blood flows.

A

Diffusion

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8
Q

It is composed of a duct system (arteries) and body spaces, where blood flows via diffusion.

A

Open Circulatory System

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9
Q

What is the blood flow of the Closed Circulatory System?

A

Heart - Artery - Capillaries - Cells, tissues - Capillaries - Veins - Back to the heart

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10
Q

What is the blood flow of the Open Circulatory System?

A

Heart - Arterial system - Cells, tissues - Body spaces (sinuses) - Back to heart via diffusion

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11
Q

It is when the blood passes through the heart once or twice.

A

Single and Double Circulation

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12
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The oxygenated blood from the body enters the atrium via the sinus venosus.

A

FALSE; Deoxygenated Blood

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13
Q

What are the two pumping circuits in the double circulation?

A

The Pulmonary Circuit & The Systematic Circuit

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14
Q

This is where the blood that passes through the respiratory capillaries will be returned to the heart first instead of going directly to the systematic capillaries.

A

Double Circulation

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15
Q

What are two unique arteries and veins?

A

Pulmonary Arteries & Pulmonary Veins

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16
Q

All arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart except for the __________, which carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.

A

Pulmonary Arteries

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17
Q

All veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart except for the __________, which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

A

Pulmonary Veins

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18
Q

What is the challenge in a double circulation?

A

The challenge would be preventing the mixing of deoxygenated blood from the veins and oxygenated blood from the lungs that will both pass through the heart.

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19
Q

Pulmocutaneous comes from the words pulmo and cutaneous, which means ______ and _______, respectively.

A

Lungs and Skin

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20
Q

This circuit is responsible for bringing blood to the skin for gas exchange to occur.

A

Pulmocutaneous Circuit

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21
Q

What are the two groups of the ventricle?

A

Left Atrium and Left Ventricle & Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

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22
Q

These receive and pump oxygenated blood.

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

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23
Q

These receive and pump deoxygenated blood.

A

Right atrium and right ventricle

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the sinus venosus in the vertebrate heart?

A

To be a pacemaker – the origin of the impulses that initiate the heartbeat.

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25
This is the tissue that persists in the right atrial wall of mammalian and avian hearts.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
26
It is also known as warm-blooded animals that have the ability to maintain their internal body temperature independent of the environment.
Endotherms
27
What are the three physical characteristics of blood?
Metallic taste, sticky, and opaque
28
What is the pH of blood?
Ranges from 7.35 and 7.45 (slightly alkaline or basic)
29
How much blood represents the total body weight in a human body?
8%
30
How much blood does an adult female have?
4 to 5 liters
31
How much blood does an adult male have?
5 to 6 liters
32
These are the formed elements that constitute 45% of the total blood volume.
Cellular components
33
What fluid component is the remaining 55%?
Plasma
34
These cells are responsible for transporting oxygen.
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
35
It is a whitish layer that is seen above the red blood cells.
Buffy coat
36
These cells fight foreign invaders in the body.
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
37
These cells aid in blood clotting.
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
38
What is the fraction of erythrocytes in the total blood volume?
Hematocrit
39
What is the shape of an RBC?
Biconcave
40
It is an iron-containing protein.
Hemoglobin
41
TRUE OR FALSE Red Blood Cells do not have mitochondria as well.
TRUE
42
What are the five types of White Blood Cells?
Basophil, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocytes, and monocytes
43
It is a white blood cell that aids in allergic reactions.
Basophil
44
It is a white blood cell that assists in regulating parasitic infection and allergic reactions.
Eosinophil
45
It is a white blood cell that helps in fighting bacterial and fungal infections.
Neutrophil
46
It is a white blood cell that is responsible for viral infection and adaptive immunity.
Lymphocyte
47
It is a white blood cell that fights chronic infections and belongs to innate immunity.
Monocyte
48
The word thrombocyte comes from the word ________, which means _______.
(1) Thrombus, (2) Clot
49
What is the liquid component of the blood?
Plasma
50
What are the three plasma proteins that play a role in regulating water movement between tissues and blood, protecting against foreign invaders and carrying lips and steroid hormones, and helping in blood clotting, respectively?
Albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen
51
What is the blood pH that is normal for humans?
7.4
52
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Artery, vein, and capillary
53
It is where blood away from the heart passes through.
Artery
54
It is where blood from all parts of the heart passes through.
Vein
55
It is the smallest vessel where gas exchange occurs.
Capillary
56
It is the interior cavity through which blood flows.
Lumen
57
What type of blood vessel has the largest diameter?
Vein
58
It is a layer of flattened epithelial cells.
Endothelium
59
TRUE OR FALSE Veins have thicker layers than the arteries, which is important to accommodate blood pumped at high pressure by the heart.
FALSE; Arteries have thicker layers than veins.
60
These have the highest total cross-sectional area because the number of units is so numerous.
Capillaries
61
It is created when the ventricle of the heart contracts.
Blood pressure
62
It is the first site where blood flowing away from the heart goes and it also receives the highest pressure.
Aorta
63
What are the three groups of the heart?
The chambers, the vessels, and the valves
64
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Two atria and two ventricles
65
TRUE OR FALSE The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle.
TRUE
66
It is the biggest artery.
Aorta
67
What are the two biggest veins?
Superior Vena Cava & Inferior Vena Cava
68
What are the four valves?
Mitral Valve, Tricuspid Valve, Pulmonary Valve, & Aortic Valve
69
What is the other term for Mitral and Tricuspid Valves?
Atrioventricular Valves
70
It is characterized by a rounded swelling in any arterial wall but usually in the aorta.
Aneurysm
71
It is due to the fats, cholesterol, cellular debris, calcium, and other substances build up in the wall of an artery.
Atherosclerosis
72
It involves heart defects present from birth. It can be defects in the walls of the heart, heart valves, and blood vessels near the heart.
Congenital Heart Defects
73
It is the force of blood against the arterial walls that can lead to health problems such as heart disease.
Hypertension
74
What is the other term for Hypertension?
High blood pressure
75
It is a hemophilic individual that lacks clotting proteins.
Hemophilia
76
This is characterized by a damaged vessel supplying blood to the heart.
Coronary heart disease
77
These are the first respondents during injury or infection.
Granulocytes
78
These are the adaptive immune response.
Agranulocytes

First Quarterly Examination - Science (4 decks)

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