Genetics Flashcards
It is the functional unit of heredity. These are a set of instructions that determine what the organism is like and its appearance, among others.
Gene
They are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Proteins
This is the most evident part of the cell. It is located in the center of the cell (but not all the time).
Nucleus
What is the term when DNA is wrapped in proteins?
Histones
When the DNA molecules are wrapped, this is now called as ________.
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes are there in each cell?
23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes.
What is the term for the first 22 pairs of chromosomes?
Autosomes
What is the term for the 23rd pair of chromosomes?
Sex Chromosomes
It is the polymer of nucleotides (polynucleotide).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
It is a compound formed by many simple units connected to each other.
Polymer
How many letters are there in a human genome?
4 letters
What are the four bases in DNA that are held by hydrogen bonds?
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)
What are the two Purine bases?
Adenine (A) & Guanine (G)
What are the two Pyrimidine bases?
Thymine (T) & Cytosine (C)
It is formulated, which states that adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine always pairs with guanine (C-G).
Chargaff rule
Who is the Austrian monk, who discovered inheritance through his experiments with pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
TRUE OR FALSE
Gregor Mendel is the Father of Chemistry.
FALSE; Father of Genetics
It states that when a purebred or homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait, the result would be the expression of the dominant trait in all resulting offspring.
Law of Dominance
It is an alternative form of a gene, wherein each of the two or more versions of a gene is inherited from the father and the mother.
Alleles
It is the place where the allele is located.
Locus
It is a trait that is represented by the same capital letters.
Homozygous Dominant
It is a trait that is represented by the same lowercase letters.
Homozygous Recessive
It is a trait that is represented by one uppercase letter and one lowercase letter.
Heterozygous Dominant.
These are traits that do not follow Mendel’s Laws.
Non-Mendelian traits
It is when the homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait, the result would be the expression of a trait that is in between the dominant and recessive traits.
Incomplete Dominance
It is when the two different traits are both present in an individual.
Codominance
It is an example of an X-linked recessive trait.
Color blindness
TRUE OR FALSE
Females have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, and males have two X chromosomes.
FALSE; Female = 2 X Chromosomes; Male = 1 X and 1 Y Chromosome,
The person is a _______ for a trait if he or she has it in his or her genes but the trait does not reflect on his or her phenotype.
Carrier
It shows the probability of the offspring when a color blind father and a carrier mother marries.
Punnett Square
What is an example of multiple alleles?
Blood Type
What are the three alleles for the human Blood Type?
A, B, and O.
This indicates the presence of the A antigen.
A
This indicates the presence of the B antigen.
B
This indicates the presence of the absence of any antigen.
O
