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First Quarterly Examination - Science > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

It is the functional unit of heredity. These are a set of instructions that determine what the organism is like and its appearance, among others.

A

Gene

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2
Q

They are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

A

Proteins

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3
Q

This is the most evident part of the cell. It is located in the center of the cell (but not all the time).

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

What is the term when DNA is wrapped in proteins?

A

Histones

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5
Q

When the DNA molecules are wrapped, this is now called as ________.

A

Chromosomes

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6
Q

How many chromosomes are there in each cell?

A

23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes.

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7
Q

What is the term for the first 22 pairs of chromosomes?

A

Autosomes

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8
Q

What is the term for the 23rd pair of chromosomes?

A

Sex Chromosomes

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9
Q

It is the polymer of nucleotides (polynucleotide).

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

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10
Q

It is a compound formed by many simple units connected to each other.

A

Polymer

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11
Q

How many letters are there in a human genome?

A

4 letters

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12
Q

What are the four bases in DNA that are held by hydrogen bonds?

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)

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13
Q

What are the two Purine bases?

A

Adenine (A) & Guanine (G)

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14
Q

What are the two Pyrimidine bases?

A

Thymine (T) & Cytosine (C)

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15
Q

It is formulated, which states that adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine always pairs with guanine (C-G).

A

Chargaff rule

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16
Q

Who is the Austrian monk, who discovered inheritance through his experiments with pea plants?

A

Gregor Mendel

17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Gregor Mendel is the Father of Chemistry.

A

FALSE; Father of Genetics

18
Q

It states that when a purebred or homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait, the result would be the expression of the dominant trait in all resulting offspring.

A

Law of Dominance

19
Q

It is an alternative form of a gene, wherein each of the two or more versions of a gene is inherited from the father and the mother.

A

Alleles

20
Q

It is the place where the allele is located.

A

Locus

21
Q

It is a trait that is represented by the same capital letters.

A

Homozygous Dominant

22
Q

It is a trait that is represented by the same lowercase letters.

A

Homozygous Recessive

23
Q

It is a trait that is represented by one uppercase letter and one lowercase letter.

A

Heterozygous Dominant.

24
Q

These are traits that do not follow Mendel’s Laws.

A

Non-Mendelian traits

25
Q

It is when the homozygous dominant trait is crossed with a recessive trait, the result would be the expression of a trait that is in between the dominant and recessive traits.

A

Incomplete Dominance

26
Q

It is when the two different traits are both present in an individual.

A

Codominance

27
Q

It is an example of an X-linked recessive trait.

A

Color blindness

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Females have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, and males have two X chromosomes.

A

FALSE; Female = 2 X Chromosomes; Male = 1 X and 1 Y Chromosome,

29
Q

The person is a _______ for a trait if he or she has it in his or her genes but the trait does not reflect on his or her phenotype.

A

Carrier

30
Q

It shows the probability of the offspring when a color blind father and a carrier mother marries.

A

Punnett Square

31
Q

What is an example of multiple alleles?

A

Blood Type

32
Q

What are the three alleles for the human Blood Type?

A

A, B, and O.

33
Q

This indicates the presence of the A antigen.

A

A

34
Q

This indicates the presence of the B antigen.

A

B

35
Q

This indicates the presence of the absence of any antigen.

A

O

First Quarterly Examination - Science (4 decks)

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