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Biology > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Artery Structure
Walls

A

Thick outer walls and connective tissue

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2
Q

Artery structure
Muscles

A

Thick layer of muscles and elastic fibres.

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3
Q

Artery structure
Lumen

A

Small lumen

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4
Q

Artery structure
Valves

A

No valves are present

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5
Q

1.Artery function

A

Arteries carry blood away from ❤️

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6
Q
  1. Arteries Function
A

Able to withstand high pressure created by the ❤️

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7
Q

Capillaries Structure

A

They have very thin walls made up of only one layer of endothelial tissue only

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8
Q

1.Capillaries Function

A

Connect arteries to veins.

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9
Q
  1. Capillaries Function
A

Allow substances to flow easily enter and leave he body by diffusion since the have thin walls

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10
Q

Squamous Epithilium

A

Have thin walls

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11
Q

Veins Structure
Walls

A

Thin outer walls

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12
Q

Veins structure
Muscles

A

Thin layer of muscles and elastic fibres

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13
Q

Veins structure Lumen

A

Large lumen

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14
Q

Veins structure
Valves

A

Valves present

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15
Q

1.Veins function

A

Carry blood back to ❤️

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16
Q
  1. Veins Function
A

Valves in veins prevent back flow of blood.

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17
Q

Blood pressure

A

Hypertension

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18
Q

Hypertension

A

A pressure reading of 140/90

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19
Q

Low blood pressure

A

Hypotension

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20
Q

Hypotension

A

Usually associated with systolic pressure reading below 100mmHg

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21
Q

Diseases of ❤️ and Circulatory System

A

Conventional cardiovascular defect.
Stroke
Heart attacks

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22
Q
  1. Congenital Cardiovascular Defect
A

Refers to a heart defect that a child is born with.

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23
Q

Congenital Cardiovascular Defect possible causes

A

Family genes from parents
Drugs or medication taken by mother during pregnancy

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24
Q

Heart attacks

A

Certain part of the body does not recieve oxygen and nutrients.

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25
Q

Stroke

A

When a blood clot forms in capillaries in the brain

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26
Q

Treatment of ❤️ disease

A

Stents
Pacemakers
Bypass surgery
Valve replacement
❤️ transplant

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27
Q

Stents

A

Expandable tube inserted into coronary artery to keep artery open at all times

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28
Q

Pacemakers

A

SA node
Allows ❤️ to beat in rhythmical manner

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29
Q

Bypass surgery

A

One or more of coronary arteries are blocked

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30
Q

Valve replacement

A

When 1 or more valves of the ❤️ are faulty

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31
Q

Heart transplant

A

When the muscles of the ❤️ are severely damaged

32
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

Refers to contractions and relaxation of the ❤️ muscle

33
Q

Heartbeat

A

Lub dub

34
Q

SA atrial node

A

Wall of right atrium has group of specialized cells

35
Q

3 phases associated with each heartbeat (cardiac cycle)

A

1.Atrial Systole
2. Ventricular systole
3.Artricular and ventricle diastole

36
Q

Atrial Systole

A

0.1s
Muscles of the atrial contract

37
Q

Ventricular Systole

A

0.3s
Muscles of ventricles contract

38
Q

Atrial and ventricular Diastole

A

Muscles of atria and ventricle relax

39
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Heartbeat controlled by brain

40
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Measures B.P

41
Q

Pulmonary artery 🔵

A

Carries 🔵 blood from rt ventricle to lungs

42
Q

Superior Vena Cava 🔵

A

Carries 🔵 blood from upper body to rt atrium

43
Q

Right atrium 🔵

A

Receives 🔵 blood from superior and inferior vena cava

44
Q

Tricuspid valve 🔵

A

Prevents blood from rt ventricle flowing back to right atrium

45
Q

Tendonous Chords 🔵

A

Prevent valves segments from flapping back into atrium

46
Q

Right ventricle 🔵

A

🔵 blood from this chamber is pumped to lungs

47
Q

Inferior vena cava 🔵

A

Carries 🔵 blood from lower part of body to rt atrium

48
Q

Thinner muscular wall

A

Contraction of this muscular wall focuses on blood to love rt. Atrium to lungs

49
Q

Aorta 🔴

A

Transports oxygenated blood from left ventricle to all parts of body

50
Q

Semi lunar valves🔴

A

Prevents back flow of blood from lungs to left atrium

51
Q

Pulmonary veins🔴

A

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

52
Q

Left atrium 🔴

A

Receives oxygenated blood via pulmonary veins via lungs

53
Q

Bicuspid* Mitral valve 🔴

A

Prevents from left ventricle to flowing back in left atrium

54
Q

Left ventricle 🔴

A

Oxygenated blood from this chamber is pumped throughout the body

55
Q

Thicker muscular wall

A

Provides powerful contractions to pump blood from left ventricle to all parts of the body

56
Q

Septum

A

Separating wall preventing the mixing of 🔴 and 🔵 blood

57
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane that encloses the ❤️

58
Q

Open Circulatory System

A

Arthropods and molluscs have open circulatory system since blood is not confined to blood Vessels only.

59
Q

Closed Circulatory System

A

All Vertebrates including mammals

60
Q

Smaller veins

A

Venules

61
Q

Double Circulatory System

A

Humans have this because blood is pumped from ❤️ along 2 circuits

62
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

🔵 blood moves from ❤️ along 2 circuits and returns to ❤️ as 🔴 blood

63
Q

Systemic system

A

🔴 blood is pumped throughout the body and returns to ❤️ as 🔵

64
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Drainage system that allows tissue fluid , that did not return to the blood via the capillaries , to return blood via lymph Vessels

65
Q

Lymph returns to blood system at 2 sites , namely.

A

Right lymphatic duct
Left thoracic duct

66
Q

Lymphatic duct

A

Connected to right subclavian vein

67
Q

Left thoracic duct

A

Connected to subclavian vein

68
Q

Structure of lymphatic system

A

Lymph Vessels
Lymph nodes

69
Q

Lymph Vessels

A

Thin walled with semi lunar valves that prevent back flow of lymph.

70
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Present at various sites in body and contain white blood cells

71
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Returns tissue fluid back to blood

72
Q

Function of lymph Vessels

A

Lacteal absorbs fat and transports it to left subclavain vein

73
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A

With WBC destroy bacteria and viruses that may be present to lymph

74
Q

Blood

A

Flows in blood Vessels.
Moves due to heart beating

75
Q

Lymph

A

Flows in lymph Vessels.
Moves due to external pressure of muscles during activity

Biology (17 decks)

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