Skeleton 💀 Flashcards
1
Q
Hydrostatic Skeleton
A
Fluid filled components.
2
Q
Advantage of hydrostatic Skeleton
A
Allows animal to be flexible.
3
Q
Disadvantage of Hydrostatic Skeleton
A
No protection from getting injured
4
Q
Exoskeleton
A
Hard protective structure found on outside of animal.
5
Q
Examples of Exoskeletons
A
Arthropods ( Crabs , insects and locusts )
6
Q
Examples of Hydrostatic skeletons
A
Jelly fish , earth worm and flat worms
7
Q
Exoskeleton made of
A
Chitin
8
Q
Chitin
A
Hardened with calcium carbonate
9
Q
Endoskeleton
A
Hard structure found within animals (Vertebrates)
10
Q
Advantage of Endoskeleton
A
Flexibility.
Grows as animal grows
11
Q
Disadvantage of Endoskeleton
A
If damaged takes long time to repair.
12
Q
1.Functions of Skeleton
A
Support the body
13
Q
- Function of Skeleton
A
Protects soft organs
14
Q
- Function of Skelton
A
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles.
15
Q
- Function of skeleton
A
Store fats and minerals
16
Q
- Function of Skeleton
A
Blood cell formation
17
Q
Human skeletal components
A
206 bones
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints
18
Q
Cartilage
A
Prevents friction found between bones.
19
Q
Tendons
A
Attach bones to muscles.
20
Q
Ligaments
A
Attach bones to bones
21
Q
Joints
A
Found between 2 bones which allows for movement of bones.
22
Q
4 types of bones
A
Short bones
Flat bones
Long bones
Irregular bones
23
Q
Short bones e.g
A
Phalanges
24
Q
Flat bone e.g
A
Skull
25
Long bones e.g
Femur
26
Irregular bones e.g
Vertebrate
27
2 ÷ of skeletal system
Axial and Appendicular
28
Axial Skeleton
Support, protect organs of head , neck and torso ( trunk )
29
Appendicular
Skeleton includes bones of limbs and bones that anchor them.
30
Axial Skeleton consists of :
Skull
Vertebrate column
Ribcage and sternum
31
Appendicular Skeleton consists of :
Girdle and limbs
Pectorial girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs
32
Pectorial girdle
Clavicle
33
Upper limbs
Arms
34
Pelvic girdle
Sacrum, coccyx
35
Lower limbs
Legs
36
Skull structure bones
8 structured bones , attachments for muscles.
13 structured bones and mandibles
37
Skull structure 2
Cranium and facial bones
38
Skull function
Cranium encloses and protects brain.
39
1.Vertebral column structure
Separated by invertebral disc's made of cartilage.
40
2. Vertebral column structure
Spine has normal curvature.
Each vertebrate is given a name to location
41
Vertebrate column.
Separated by inevitable disc's made of cartilage.
42
1st vertebra
Atlas
43
2nd vertabra
Axis
44
Vertebrae
Small bones
45
Vertebrae
Protect spinal cord
46
Vertebral column provides
Vertical support for the body.
47
Cartilage disc function
Act as shock absorbers
Allows flexibility of vertebral column
48
Ribcage and sternum
Breastbone forms ribcage and protects ♡ and lungs
49
Intercoastal muscles
Assit in the process of inhalation and exhalation during breathing.
50
Ribcage and sternum structure
True ribs - 1 to 7 directly attached to sternum.
False ribs - 8 to 10
Two pairs of floating ribs
51
Pectorial girdle and upper limbs structure
Pectorial girdle = 2 scapulae (shoulder blades)
2 clavicles (collar bones )
52
Upper limbs
Humorous
Radius and ulna
8 carpal bones
5 metacarpal bones
14 phalanges
53
Humorous
Upper arms
54
Radius and ulna
Fore arm
55
8 carpal bones
Wrist
56
5 metacapral bones
Palm
57
14 phalanges
Thumb and fingers
58
Pelvic girlde and lower limbs
Pelvic girlde = 2 hip bones fused into vertebral column
59
Lower limbs
Femur
Patella
1 tibia
1 fibia
7 tarsal bones
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges
60
Femur
Thigh bone
61
Patella
Knee cap
62
1 tibia
Shin bone
63
1 fibia
Calf bone
64
7 tarsal bones.
Ankle bones
65
5 metacarpals
Foot bone
66
14 phalanges
Toes
67
Structure of long bone
Head with long shaft between.
68
Function of long bone
Bones protect internal organs.
Endoskeleton gives body shape.
Forms bony Skeleton in Animals.
69
Hyoid bone
Only bone that does not articulate with another bone.
70
Bones of human body
Compact bone
Spongy bone
71
Spongy bone
Small needle like pieces of bone.
Many open spaces
72
Joints
Occurs where 2 or more bones meet
73
Immovable joints ( fibrous )
No movement e.g cranium
74
Slightly movable
Slight movement
E.g between vertebrate or lower spine
75
Freely moveable ( synovial)
Allow free movement e.g knee and elbow
76
Examples of synovial joints
Hinge joints
Ball and socket
Pivot
Gliding joints
77
Capsular ligament
Holds joints together
78
Ligament
Jones 2 bones together
79
Articular cartilage
Act as shock absorber
80
Spongy bones
Prevents friction
81
Synovial membrane
Secrets synovial fluid which is also prevents friction
82
Synovial joint
Bone
Synovial membrane
Spongy bone
Articular cartilage
Ligament
Capsular ligament
83
Ball and socket
Radial movement in every direction Hips and shoulders
84
Hinge
Extention and refraction of appendage
85
Gliding
Sliding and twisting wrist and ankle.
86
Osteoporosis
Bone is broken down faster that it can be build. Bones get weak and brittle fracture easily.
87
Risk factors of osteoporosis
Inadequate calcium
Little weight
Drinking
Female
88
Rickets
Softening and weakening of bones in children because of extreme snd prolonged vitamin D deficiency
89
Arthritis
Joint inflammation usually affects peole over the age of 50
90
Skeletal muscles
Voluntary muscles
Antagonistic muscles
91
Voluntary muscles are
Muscles attached to the bones of human skeleton
92
Antagonistic muscles
Skeletal muscles operate in pairs
93
Skeletal muscles structure
Consists of bundles of long cells called Fibre that are parallel to one another.
94
Units of each muscles
Sacromeres
95
Sacromeres
Give fibres stripped or striated appearance
96
Sarcolemma
Membrane around muscle Fibre
97
Myofibris
Smaller units
Consists of protein filaments called actin snd myosin
98
Actin filaments
Thinner than myosin filaments
99
Cartilage
Found at end of bones in joints between the ribs and sternum
100
Cartilage function
Keeps trachea open at all timesn
