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Biology > Skeleton 💀 > Flashcards

Skeleton 💀 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hydrostatic Skeleton

A

Fluid filled components.

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2
Q

Advantage of hydrostatic Skeleton

A

Allows animal to be flexible.

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3
Q

Disadvantage of Hydrostatic Skeleton

A

No protection from getting injured

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4
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Hard protective structure found on outside of animal.

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5
Q

Examples of Exoskeletons

A

Arthropods ( Crabs , insects and locusts )

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6
Q

Examples of Hydrostatic skeletons

A

Jelly fish , earth worm and flat worms

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7
Q

Exoskeleton made of

A

Chitin

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8
Q

Chitin

A

Hardened with calcium carbonate

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9
Q

Endoskeleton

A

Hard structure found within animals (Vertebrates)

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10
Q

Advantage of Endoskeleton

A

Flexibility.
Grows as animal grows

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11
Q

Disadvantage of Endoskeleton

A

If damaged takes long time to repair.

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12
Q

1.Functions of Skeleton

A

Support the body

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13
Q
  1. Function of Skeleton
A

Protects soft organs

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14
Q
  1. Function of Skelton
A

Movement due to attached skeletal muscles.

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15
Q
  1. Function of skeleton
A

Store fats and minerals

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16
Q
  1. Function of Skeleton
A

Blood cell formation

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17
Q

Human skeletal components

A

206 bones
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints

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18
Q

Cartilage

A

Prevents friction found between bones.

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19
Q

Tendons

A

Attach bones to muscles.

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20
Q

Ligaments

A

Attach bones to bones

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21
Q

Joints

A

Found between 2 bones which allows for movement of bones.

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22
Q

4 types of bones

A

Short bones
Flat bones
Long bones
Irregular bones

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23
Q

Short bones e.g

A

Phalanges

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24
Q

Flat bone e.g

A

Skull

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25
Q

Long bones e.g

A

Femur

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26
Q

Irregular bones e.g

A

Vertebrate

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27
Q

2 ÷ of skeletal system

A

Axial and Appendicular

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28
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Support, protect organs of head , neck and torso ( trunk )

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29
Q

Appendicular

A

Skeleton includes bones of limbs and bones that anchor them.

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30
Q

Axial Skeleton consists of :

A

Skull
Vertebrate column
Ribcage and sternum

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31
Q

Appendicular Skeleton consists of :

A

Girdle and limbs
Pectorial girdle
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

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32
Q

Pectorial girdle

A

Clavicle

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33
Q

Upper limbs

A

Arms

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34
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Sacrum, coccyx

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35
Q

Lower limbs

A

Legs

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36
Q

Skull structure bones

A

8 structured bones , attachments for muscles.
13 structured bones and mandibles

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37
Q

Skull structure 2

A

Cranium and facial bones

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38
Q

Skull function

A

Cranium encloses and protects brain.

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39
Q

1.Vertebral column structure

A

Separated by invertebral disc’s made of cartilage.

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40
Q
  1. Vertebral column structure
A

Spine has normal curvature.
Each vertebrate is given a name to location

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41
Q

Vertebrate column.

A

Separated by inevitable disc’s made of cartilage.

42
Q

1st vertebra

A

Atlas

43
Q

2nd vertabra

A

Axis

44
Q

Vertebrae

A

Small bones

45
Q

Vertebrae

A

Protect spinal cord

46
Q

Vertebral column provides

A

Vertical support for the body.

47
Q

Cartilage disc function

A

Act as shock absorbers
Allows flexibility of vertebral column

48
Q

Ribcage and sternum

A

Breastbone forms ribcage and protects ♡ and lungs

49
Q

Intercoastal muscles

A

Assit in the process of inhalation and exhalation during breathing.

50
Q

Ribcage and sternum structure

A

True ribs - 1 to 7 directly attached to sternum.
False ribs - 8 to 10
Two pairs of floating ribs

51
Q

Pectorial girdle and upper limbs structure

A

Pectorial girdle = 2 scapulae (shoulder blades)
2 clavicles (collar bones )

52
Q

Upper limbs

A

Humorous
Radius and ulna
8 carpal bones
5 metacarpal bones
14 phalanges

53
Q

Humorous

A

Upper arms

54
Q

Radius and ulna

A

Fore arm

55
Q

8 carpal bones

A

Wrist

56
Q

5 metacapral bones

A

Palm

57
Q

14 phalanges

A

Thumb and fingers

58
Q

Pelvic girlde and lower limbs

A

Pelvic girlde = 2 hip bones fused into vertebral column

59
Q

Lower limbs

A

Femur
Patella
1 tibia
1 fibia
7 tarsal bones
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges

60
Q

Femur

A

Thigh bone

61
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

62
Q

1 tibia

A

Shin bone

63
Q

1 fibia

A

Calf bone

64
Q

7 tarsal bones.

A

Ankle bones

65
Q

5 metacarpals

A

Foot bone

66
Q

14 phalanges

A

Toes

67
Q

Structure of long bone

A

Head with long shaft between.

68
Q

Function of long bone

A

Bones protect internal organs.
Endoskeleton gives body shape.
Forms bony Skeleton in Animals.

69
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Only bone that does not articulate with another bone.

70
Q

Bones of human body

A

Compact bone
Spongy bone

71
Q

Spongy bone

A

Small needle like pieces of bone.
Many open spaces

72
Q

Joints

A

Occurs where 2 or more bones meet

73
Q

Immovable joints ( fibrous )

A

No movement e.g cranium

74
Q

Slightly movable

A

Slight movement
E.g between vertebrate or lower spine

75
Q

Freely moveable ( synovial)

A

Allow free movement e.g knee and elbow

76
Q

Examples of synovial joints

A

Hinge joints
Ball and socket
Pivot
Gliding joints

77
Q

Capsular ligament

A

Holds joints together

78
Q

Ligament

A

Jones 2 bones together

79
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Act as shock absorber

80
Q

Spongy bones

A

Prevents friction

81
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Secrets synovial fluid which is also prevents friction

82
Q

Synovial joint

A

Bone
Synovial membrane
Spongy bone
Articular cartilage
Ligament
Capsular ligament

83
Q

Ball and socket

A

Radial movement in every direction Hips and shoulders

84
Q

Hinge

A

Extention and refraction of appendage

85
Q

Gliding

A

Sliding and twisting wrist and ankle.

86
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bone is broken down faster that it can be build. Bones get weak and brittle fracture easily.

87
Q

Risk factors of osteoporosis

A

Inadequate calcium
Little weight
Drinking
Female

88
Q

Rickets

A

Softening and weakening of bones in children because of extreme snd prolonged vitamin D deficiency

89
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint inflammation usually affects peole over the age of 50

90
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Voluntary muscles
Antagonistic muscles

91
Q

Voluntary muscles are

A

Muscles attached to the bones of human skeleton

92
Q

Antagonistic muscles

A

Skeletal muscles operate in pairs

93
Q

Skeletal muscles structure

A

Consists of bundles of long cells called Fibre that are parallel to one another.

94
Q

Units of each muscles

A

Sacromeres

95
Q

Sacromeres

A

Give fibres stripped or striated appearance

96
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Membrane around muscle Fibre

97
Q

Myofibris

A

Smaller units
Consists of protein filaments called actin snd myosin

98
Q

Actin filaments

A

Thinner than myosin filaments

99
Q

Cartilage

A

Found at end of bones in joints between the ribs and sternum

100
Q

Cartilage function

A

Keeps trachea open at all timesn

Biology (17 decks)

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