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CNA I > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the heart muscle?

A

The pericardium, the myocardium, and the endocardium

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2
Q

How many chambers does a heart have?

A

Four

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3
Q

What are the names of the upper chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium and left atrium

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4
Q

What are the names of the lower chambers of the heart?

A

Right ventricle and left ventricle

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the right atrium?

A

Receives blood from the veins which carry carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the right ventricle?

A

The blood, containing carbon dioxide, flows into this chamber from the right atrium. It is pumped to the blood vessels in the lungs. Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the left atrium?

A

It receives the oxygen-saturated blood and then flows into the left ventricle.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the left ventricle?

A

From here, blood is pumped through the arteries to all parts of the body.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the two valves located between the chambers?

A

They allow the blood to flow in only one direction.

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10
Q

What is the contracting phase of the heart called?

A

Systole

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11
Q

What is the resting phase of the heart called?

A

Diastole

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12
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels found in the body called?

A

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

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13
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

They carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. The blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the aorta. Blood is then pumped through other arteries that branch off from it.

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14
Q

What is the largest artery?

A

The aorta

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the coronary arteries?

A

They carry blood to the heart itself

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16
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

They are tiny blood vessels that receive blood from the arteries. Nutrients, oxygen, and other substances in the blood pass from the capillaries to the cells. Waste products, including carbon dioxide, pass from the cells into the capillaries.

17
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

They carry the blood containing waste products from the capillaries back to the heart

18
Q

What are the two largest veins?

A

The inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava

19
Q

What is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

It carries blood from the legs and trunk

20
Q

What is the function of the superior vena cava?

A

It carries blood from the arms, head, and neck

21
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Blood cells and plasma

22
Q

What are the three different types of blood cells?

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)

23
Q

What is the function of red blood cells and what produces them?

A

They carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. They are produced by bone marrow.

24
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

A substance found inside hollow bones

25
Q

What element is found in bone marrow and red blood cells that is essential to blood?

A

Iron, Fe

26
Q

What color does Iron make the blood?

A

Red

27
Q

What organs filter out red blood cells after their short lifespan?

A

The liver and the spleen

28
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

They defend the body against foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. When the body becomes aware of these invaders, white blood cells rush to the site of infection and multiply rapidly.

29
Q

What produces white blood cells?

A

Bone marrow, spleen, and thymus gland

30
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

They are carried by the blood and cause the blood to clot, which prevents excess bleeding.

31
Q

What produces platelets?

A

Bone marrow

32
Q

What is plasma?

A

It is the liquid portion of the blood. It is composed of mostly water and carries blood cells, nutrients, and waste products.

33
Q

What are three normal changes of aging?

A

The heart pumps less efficiently, blood flow decreases, and blood vessels narrow.

34
Q

What symptoms should you observe and report?

A

Changes in pulse rate, weakness, fatigue, loss of ability to perform ADLs, swelling, pale skin, chest pain, weight gain, shortness of breath, changing in breathing patterns, severe headache, inactivity

CNA I (9 decks)

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