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Animal Biology > The circulatory System 1 > Flashcards

The circulatory System 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main parts of the circulatory system? (5 things)

A

Blood, The heart, Veins, Arteries and Capillaries

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2
Q

What makes up the blood?

A

Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets, Plasma

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3
Q

Whats the role of Erythrocytes? (Red)

A

Responsibility for the delivery of oxygen to other cells in the body. Haemoglobin carries OXYGEN.

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4
Q

Do Erythrocytes have a nucleus?

A

No! It has no nucleus.

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5
Q

Where is erythrocytes formed?
%?

A

In the bone Marrow and makes up a high percentage of the blood.

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6
Q

Whats the structure of Erythrocytes?

A

Biconcave shape and it’s flexible to squeeze through capillaries.

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7
Q

What the role of Leukocytes? (white)

A

To protect us against pathogens (our immune system)

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8
Q

Do Leukocytes contain a nucleus?

A

YES THEY DOOOOOO!!!! They are also a small percentage of the blood :)

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9
Q

Where are Leukocytes found?

A

In the blood and lymphatic system.

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10
Q

Where are Leukocytes formed?

A

In the bone marrow.

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11
Q

Whats the role of Platelets? What do they use?

A

They form blood clots using fibrin.

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12
Q

What do blood clots do?

A

They SLOW down and STOP bleeding.

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13
Q

Whats the structure of a platelet? Do they have a nucleus?

A

They have an irregular shape.
They DON’T have a nucleus.

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14
Q

Where are platelets formed?

A

In the bone marrow

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15
Q

What is plasma?

A

It is the liquid that holds the rest of the components.

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16
Q

What colour is Plasma?

A

Yellow

17
Q

True or False: Plasma is a small percentage of the blood.

A

False: It is a large percentage of the blood volume.

18
Q

Name at least 3 things that blood transfers… (There are 5)

A

Nutrients, waste products, water, hormones and ENZYMES all around the body.

19
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

It means that for the heart to complete a circuit, it must pass through the heart twice.

Fun fact! The heart is a muscle, it constantly contracts and relexes to pump blood around the body.

20
Q

What animals have a double circulatory system? (think of at least 3)

A

Mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.

21
Q

What is a single circulatory system?

A

Blood only passes through the heart once to complete a circuit.

22
Q

How many chambers, atriums and ventricles does a single C. system have?

A

2 Chambers
1 atrium
1 ventricle

23
Q

True or False: The single C. system receives oxygenated blood and has a high blood pressure.

A

False: It receives deoxygenated blood and has a low blood pressure

24
Q

How is oxygen being received in a single C. system?

A

It’s only received after being pumped from the heart. Eg gills.

25
Q

What animal has a single C. system?

A

FISH 🐟🐠🐟

26
Q

What is a closed C. system?

A

Blood is enclosed within blood vessels.
IE, Arteries, veins, capillaries.
Most animals have these.

27
Q

How does blood flow through the heart?

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the Vena Cava, it moves to the right atrium, through the Tricuspid Valve, into the Right Ventricle. It then exits the heart through the Pulmonary artery which moves the blood to the lungs so it can get oxygenated. Once the blood has been oxygenated it then flows through the pulmonary veins, into the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve, into the left ventricle and then out the Aorta to the rest of the body.

28
Q

What does the Sino Atrial Node do?

A

Sets rate and timing for cardiac muscles cells to contract.
Starts electrical signal.
Causes left and right atria to contract
sends signal to Atrioventricular Node

29
Q

What does the Atrioventricular Node do?

A

Provides delay of 0.1 seconds between contractions of atrium and ventricles.
Makes sure Atria are empty of blood.
Atrioventricular Node electrical signal goes down into 2 bundles.

30
Q

What do bundles of His do?

A

Specialised for electrical conduction.
Conduct signal down purkinje fibres to contract the ventricles

31
Q

What do purkinje fibres do?

A

Synchronised contractions of ventricles maintaining the hearts rhythm
Delay from SA node to purkinje fibres (less than 1 second)…

32
Q

Everything about: Arteries

A

They take blood away from heart.
Carry oxygenated blood (exception pulmonary A)
High blood pressure
thick walls
narrow lumen

33
Q

Everything about veins:

A

Into heart
Deoxygenated blood (exception pulmonary vein)
Thin walls
wide lumen
Have valves (1 direction)

34
Q

Everything about capillaries:

A

Tiny. Connect Arteries and veins together.
Allows oxygen and waste products to be transferred to and from blood to reach surrounding tissue/organs
Walls 1 cell thick, O and CO2 pass through walls

Animal Biology (8 decks)

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