The Circulatary System Flashcards
What are the 3 main components of the circulatory system
Heart, blood, (arteries, veins, capillaries) blood vessels
What does the pulmonary circulation do
Carries blood to and from the lungs
What does the systemic circulation do
Carries blood to and from the rest of the body’s organs
The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry what type of blood
Oxygenated
What is a double circulation
When blood passes through the heart twice in one complete circulation of the body
What 3 things does the heart do
Pump blood around the body, receive blood from the veins and delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body’s cells and organs
What keeps the blood flowing in one direction through the heart
Valves - bicuspid and tricuspid
Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than the atria
Because the atria pumps blood in the ventricles
Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall on the right ventricle
Because there is high pressure to pump blood to rest of body
What happens to ur heart when u get excited or u exercise
It beats faster because u need more energy from respiration
Red blood cell structure (4 things)
Very small, no nucleus, biconcave in shape therefore large surface area and volume ratio, contain and iron pigment called haemoglobin which can pick up oxygen
Function of red blood cell
Carries oxygen
Structure of white blood cell
Slightly larger than red blood cells
Function of white blood cell
They produce antibodies - protecting us from forming an infection by killing bacteria
What is phagocytosis
When white blood cells ungult the bacteria to destroy them
Structure of platelets
Tiny cell fragments carried around in the body, usually do nothing
Function of platelets
If blood is exposed to the air in a cut the platelets help to form a network of fibres at the cut called a clot
What do blood clots prevent
Blood being lost from a cut and dirt getting in
What does a blood clot harden to
A scab
Structure of plasma
The liquid portion of the blood
Function of plasma
Contains dissolved substances
What 5 physical things can we do to worsen our chances of getting heart disease
Don’t exercise, smoke, overweight, stressed, unbalanced diet
How can exercise reduce stress
exercise stimulates the release of chemicals similar to morphine which can cause a type of high
If a man who has been resting starts doing some strenuous exercises, what is the effect on the rate at which his heart beats
His heart rate will be 2x faster
Who has a higher heartbeat rate on average, a fit or unfit person
Unfit
A fit heart pumps a larger volume of blood with than an unfit heart, why is it an advantage to be fit?
Keeps heart active
What effect does exercise sometimes have on blood pressure and why is it important
Exercise prevents high blood pressure, people with low blood pressure have less risk of having a heart attack
A middle aged man who was overweight was not only put on a diet by his doctor was also told to do regular exercise, why?
Because exercise causes loss of body fat by burning calories
What effect does exercise have on the coronary arteries and why is it important ?
Exercise widens the coronary arteries which means build up of fatty deposits is less likely
Other than 3 types of cells what makes up the blood
Plasma
Plasma is the
Liquid portion of the blood
What do Capillaries do
Narrow blood tubes
What do Antibodies do
Fight against disease occurring
The heart is the body’s
Blood pump
Why does the left side of the heart have thicker muscles than the right side?
The left ventricle has to pump blood round whole body but right ventricle only to lungs
How many chambers does the heart contain
4
What are the upper chambers in the heart called
The atrium
What are the lower chambers in the heart called?
The ventricles
