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The Church Flashcards

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1
Q

What language was the Bible written in?

A

Latin.

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2
Q

What is Secular?

A

Any person, power or organisation that is not religious.

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3
Q

What is the Clergy?

A

Officials of the Church who were led by the Pope.

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4
Q

Who are Laity?

A

People that did not work for the church and were led by the king.

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5
Q

What is excommunication?

A

The power of the Pope to expel someone from the Church.

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6
Q

What religion were the English?

A

Christian (Catholic)

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7
Q

What large religious buildings did the Normans build across England after the conquest?

A

Cathedrals.

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8
Q

What position did Bishops have in the Feudal system?

A

Bishops were high in the feudal system with the Barons.
They were subjects to the king.
Their Vassals were Knights and Peasants

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9
Q

Whose claim to the throne in 1066 did the Pope support?

A

William’s.

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10
Q

Who converted the Anglo-Saxons in 597?

A

St. Augustine

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11
Q

Who was the Global head of Christianity?

A

The Pope.

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12
Q

What title is given to the most senior churchmen in England?

A

Archbishop of Canterbury.

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13
Q

Who was Lanfranc?

A

The Archbishop of Canterbury appointed by William the Conqueror.

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14
Q

If a Churchmen committed a crime who would try him?

A

The Church courts.

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15
Q

How much land did the Church control in England?

A

1/3

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16
Q

Who did the Archbishop of Canterbury answer to?

A

The Pope and and the King.

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17
Q

What word is used to describe those men working for the Church and led by the Pope?

A

The clergy.

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18
Q

How was religion tied to the feudal system?

A

The vassal’s swore their oath of fealty in the holy gospels; serfs/peasants had given themselves and their labour to God.

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19
Q

What is Mass?

A

The main religious service given on Sunday that parishioners were expected to attend.

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20
Q

What is a Parish church?

A

A local church attended by ordinary people (parishioners)

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21
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A

A religious journey, typically taken to a site of religious importance

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22
Q

What is a relic?

A

Part of a saint’s body or something they owned which was believed to have the power to perform miracles

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23
Q

Where did monks live and work?

A

Monastries.

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24
Q

What was the nave?

A

Where parishioners stood during services

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25
Q

What shape were churches and cathedrals built in?

A

Cruciform or a cross

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26
Q

What happened if you were killed whilst helping to build a cathedral?

A

You were guaranteed to go to heaven

27
Q

How were churches and cathedrals decorated?

A

They were very colourful with painted walls and stained glass windows (it is important for students to understand this ahead of the reformation unit)

28
Q

Why did people go on pilgrimage?

A

To be forgiven of sins, to be cured of a disease or disability or to receive good fortune

29
Q

Why was it advised to go to a pilgrimage wealthy?

A

It cost a lot of money to travel to holy sites abroad like Jerusalem (and you would not be able to work while travelling)

30
Q

Why were cathedrals built?

A

To show the wealth and power of the church – to inspire and create awe

31
Q

Why did people of all incomes donate money to build churches?

A

To ensure they got to heaven

32
Q

Why were churches and cathedrals so colourfully decorated with pictures on the walls and in the stained glass windows?

A

Because so many people in the medieval period were illiterate and the walls and windows illustrated stories from the bible

33
Q

What are Alms?

A

Money donated by the rich to help the poor.

34
Q

What is an Observance?

A

An act performed for religious reasons.

35
Q

What is the tithe?

A

A church tax o 10% of a persons’ earnings.

36
Q

What is the afterlife?

A

Where medieval people thought they went for eternity after death

37
Q

What is the Dome Painting?

A

A painting showing people being sent to heaven or hell on the Day of Judgment

38
Q

What is Purgatory?

A

A stage before heaven, where the dead are removed of their remaining sins

39
Q

The church had power over people because the Pope…

A

… was God’s representative on Earth

40
Q

The church had power over people because parish priests…

A

… collected tithes from villagers

41
Q

The church had power because the church courts…

A

… decided on marriage law and what happened to a person’s property after death

42
Q

What is Christendom?

A

All the Christian countries together (Bothe the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox)

43
Q

What is indulgence?

A

The grant of a reduction in punishment in the afterlife for sins.

44
Q

What is Jerusalem?

A

The holy city, for both Muslims and Christians, conquered by Muslims in 638.

45
Q

What did the Pope hope to achieve in calling for the Crusades in 1095?

A

He wanted to re-conquer formerly Christian territory now under Muslim control, including the Holy Land.

46
Q

Why were the Crusades considered a pilgrimage?

A

Because they were an act of holy worship rather than a war.

47
Q

What did the Muslim forces launch against the Christians in the Second Crusade?

A

A jihad

48
Q

What did the Pope promise Christians who went on Crusade?

A

An indulgence

49
Q

What were the motives of Crusaders?

A

1.Bounty/chivalry/conquest/to re-capture the holy land/to earn an indulgence and be forgiven of all sin/as punishment/because it was God’s will.

50
Q

Why were the Crusades supposedly more like a pilgrimage than a religious war?

A

Because the Pope gave them spiritual merit – he implied in his speech that it was God’s will and that knights would be forgiven of their sins.

51
Q

If going on a crusade was so expensive, what motivated the poor or the greedy to go?

A

Belief that they would be able to seize land and wealth while in Jerusalem.

52
Q

What symbol did Crusaders wear on their clothes?

A

The Cross

53
Q

What motivated professional knights to go on Crusade?

A

Chivalry

54
Q

What does the Pope state is the main motivation for going on crusade in his speech?

A

To recapture Jerusalem from the Turks

55
Q

Who paid for knights to go on crusade, including their weapons, armour, equipment and food?

A

Knights had to pay for themselves

56
Q

How much did a historian estimate that going on Crusade would cost?

A

Four times the annual income of a poor knight

57
Q

Define Crusader Knights.

A

Warriors who lived together in religious orders. E.g. Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller

58
Q

Define infidel.

A

Infidel- someone who has no religion or whose religion in not part of the majority.

59
Q

Define booty.

A

The valuable items stolen by the winner after a battle.

60
Q

Define chivalry.

A

A religious, moral and social code that knights lived by.

61
Q

What was Byzantium?

A

Byzantium was situated in the East between the Islamic world and Christendom.

When the Roman Empire had split in half, the eastern half became Byzantium, with its capital in Constantinople (modern day Istanbul).

The Byzantines were Christians who belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church, and did not recognise the authority of the Catholic Pope.

62
Q

Who were the Seljuk Turks?

A

The Seljuk Turks were Sunni Muslims originally from central Asia and were fierce warriors.

Seljuk emirs (an Islamic lord) had taken control of the Islamic world in Syria, Palestine and Iraq and were moving onto the Byzantine Empire.

63
Q

Why was Jerusalem worth dying for Muslims?

A

Muhammad is said to have gone there and then to heaven to see God.

Many parts of the Jewish and Christian faith were accepted by Muslims, which meant that Jewish and Christian holy places were important to Muslims too
Muslims built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Muslims saw this as part of their history, making this a site for pilgrims.

64
Q

Why was Jerusalem worth dying for?
Christians.

A

Christians saw Jerusalem as the most important place on earth as Jesus dies there, so it was a site of pilgrimage.

Holy relics like the crown of thorns worn by Jesus and the nails from the holy cross were in Jerusalem.

Christians had built the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on the site of a cave tomb, where they believe Jesus had risen from the dead.

History (7 decks)

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