Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of matter and its interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of matter that still retains its original properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged subatomic particle located in the atomic nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neutron

A

A subatomic particle with no charge locate in the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle surrounding an atom in electron shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electron Shells

A

Where electrons can be found surrounding an atom; 1st shell can hold 2 electrons, 2nd can hold 8, and 3rd can hold 18 but stable with 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atomic Number

A

Represents the number of protons found in an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Periodic Table of Elements

A

Lists abbreviated elements by their chemical symbol in order of increasing atomic number; 92 elements occur naturally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major Elements

A

Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen(N)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mineral Elements

A

Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Chlorine (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trace Elements

A

Extremely small amounts of elements found in the body, there are 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metals

A

Elements that are shiny substances that conduct electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nonmetals

A

Elements that exist as gases or brittle solids and poor conductors of electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mass Number

A

The number of neutrons plus the number of protons found within an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radioisotopes

A

High energy, unstable isotopes that release energy in the form of radiation; the basis for nuclear medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more substances that are physically combined such that their chemical properties remain unaltered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms combined by a chemical bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Suspension

A

A mixture in which the substances are in different phases and the particles settle out when left undisturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Colloid

A

A mixture in which the substances are in different phases but the substances will not settle out when left undisturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Solution

A

A mixture in which the substances are in the same phase and the particles will not settle out when left undisturbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Solute

A

The component present in a solution in lower amounts that is dissolved by the solvent; usually a solid substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Solvent

A

The component present in a solution in higher amounts, generally a liquid that dissolves a solute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Concentration
The amount of solute present in a solution
26
Chemical Bond
An energy relationship between atoms or ions caused by the sharing or transfer of electrons
27
Compound
A molecule composed of two or more atoms from different elements
28
Macromolecules
Very large compounds composed of many atoms
29
Valence Electron Shell
The outermost electron shell in which atoms interact
30
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the valence electron shell; they determine how an atom interacts with other atoms
31
Octet Rule
The principle that states that an atom is most stable with 8 electrons in its valence electron shell
32
Inert
Nonreactive
33
Reactive
Atoms that are unstable and will interact with other atoms until they obey the Octet Rule
34
Ionic Bond
A chemical bond resulting from the transfer of electrons and resulting attraction between a positive cation and negative nonmetal anion
35
Ion
A charged particle that has lost or gained one or more electrons
36
Cation
A positive ion with more protons than electrons
37
Anion
A negative ion with more electrons than protons
38
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing of electrons between two nonmetals or a nonmetal and hydrogen
39
Single Bond
One pair of electrons are shared between two atoms
40
Double Bound
Two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
41
Triple Bond
Three pair of electrons are shared between two atoms
42
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally among the atoms in the bond; makeup nonpolar molecules
43
Polar Covalent Bond
A covalent bond in which electrons spend more time around the electronegative atoms, which results in the formation of a dipole; makeup polar molecules
44
Dipole
A partially positive and partially negative pole that forms as a result of a polar covalent bond
45
Hydrogen Bond
Weak attractions between partially positive hydrogen atoms of one compound or functional group and partially negative atoms of another compound or functional group
46
Surface Tension
A visible film on the top of a water-based solution resulting from the formation of hydrogen bonds
47
Chemical Reaction
The process that occurs when chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged, or electrons are transferred between reactants
48
Chemical Notation
Chemical symbols that represent elements and chemical equations that represents a chemical reaction
49
Chemical Equation
Represents a chemical reaction
50
Reactants
The substances on the left side of a chemical equation, what you are starting with that will undergo a reaction
51
Products
The substances on the right side of a chemical equation, the substances produced in the reaction
52
Reversible Reaction
A chemical reaction that can progress in both forward and reverse directions, it can be undone
53
Energy
The capacity to do work
54
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored, ready to be released and used to do work
55
Kinetic Energy
Energy in motion or action
56
Chemical Energy
Energy stored in the chemical bonds of all molecules and compounds
57
Electrical Energy
Energy generated by the movement of charged particles
58
Mechanical Energy
Energy that has been directly transferred from one object to another
59
Endergonic Reactions
A reaction in which the products have more energy than the reactants, requires input energy to proceed
60
Exergonic Reactions
A reaction in which the products have less energy than the reactants, has more energy than needed for the reaction to proceed, releases energy
61
Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (Redox Reaction)
A type of exchange reaction in which electrons are exchanged among reactants
62
Exchange Reactions
A reaction in which one or more atoms or electrons from the reactants are exchanged
63
Activation Energy
The energy required for an adequately strong collision to occur between atoms for a reaction to take place
64
Enzyme
A biological catalyst, nearly always a protein, speeds up a reaction without changing its products or reactants
65
Enzyme Active Site/ Substrate
An enzyme's active site is the region of the enzyme that binds to a specific substrate
66
Properties of Water
1. Absorbs heat without changing significantly in temperature itself 2. Carries heat with it when it changes from a liquid to a gas 3. Cushions and protects the body's structures 4. Acts as a lubricant between two adjacent surfaces 5. Universal solvent
67
Hydrophilic
A property of substances with partially or fully charged ends (polar covalent and ionic bonds) that will dissolve when placed in water
68
Hydrophobic
A property of substances with no dipole (nonpolar covalent bonds) that will not dissolve when placed in water
69
Acid
A compound that releases on or more hydrogen ions when placed in water, has a pH of less than 7.0
70
Base
A compound that accepts a hydrogen ion from an acid, had a pH of greater than 7.0
71
Neutral
pH of 7.0
72
pH
The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
73
Buffer
A chemical system that resists changes in pH, and prevents large swings in the pH when an acid or base is added to the solution
74
Salt
An inorganic compound consisting of a nonmetal anion and metal cation joined by an ionic bond

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions