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Anatomy and Physiology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

The portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that encompasses the area between the diaphragm and bony pelvis

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2
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

A ventral body cavity located inferior to the diaphragm and encompasses the area of the abdomen and bony pelvis

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3
Q

The Cell

A

Smallest unit that can carry out the functions of life

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of the body’s chemical reactions

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5
Q

Anabolic Reactions (Anabolism)

A

Smaller chemicals are combined to form larger ones

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6
Q

Catabolic Reactions (Catabolism)

A

Larger chemicals are broken down into smaller ones

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7
Q

Growth

A

The increase in size of an individual cell or in the number of cells; occurs when anabolic reactions outweigh catabolic reactions

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8
Q

Excretion

A

The process by which waste products are removed from the body

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9
Q

Responsiveness(Irritability)

A

The property of living organisms by which they sense and react to changes in their environment

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10
Q

Reproduction

A

The production of new cells within an organism or production of an offspring

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11
Q

Chemical

A

A substance with a unique molecular composition that is used in or produced y chemical processes

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12
Q

Levels of Structural Organization and Body Systems

A

1.Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3.Tissue
4.Organ
5. Organ System
6.Organism

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13
Q

Tissue

A

A group of structurally and functionally related cells and their extracellular matrix

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14
Q

Organ

A

Two or tissues combined to produce a structure that has a recognizable shape and that performs a specialized task

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15
Q

Organ System

A

two or more organs that work together to carry out a broad function in the body

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16
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

The study of the human body taken from the perspective of individual organ systems

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17
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

The study of the human body taken from the perspective of specific body regions

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18
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

The study of the surface markings of the human body

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19
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

The study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the unaided eye

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20
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

The study of structures of the human boy that require the use of a microscope for observation

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21
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

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22
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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23
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The standard position in which an anatomical specimen is presented, in which a subject is facing forward, arms at the side with palms facing outward, and the feet are shoulder width apart

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24
Q

Directional Terms

A

Terms used to describe relative locations of body parts and markings
Ex. Anterior/Posterior/Superior/Inferior/Lateral/Medial/Proximal/Distal/Superficial/Deep

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25
Q

Regional Terms

A

Terms used to describe the relative regions of the human body

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26
Q

Axial Region

A

The portion of the body consisting of the head, neck, and trunk

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27
Q

Appendicular Region

A

The portion o the body consisting of the upper nd lower limbs

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28
Q

Abdominal

A

The abdomen

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29
Q

Cervical

A

The neck

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30
Q

Gluteal

A

The buttocks

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31
Q

Inguinal

A

The groin

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32
Q

Lumbar

A

The lower back

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33
Q

Palmar

A

The palm

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34
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

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35
Q

Pubic

A

Pubis

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36
Q

Saacral

A

The sacrum

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37
Q

Sternal

A

The sternum

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38
Q

Thoracic

A

The chest

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39
Q

Vertebral

A

The spinal column

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40
Q

Buccal

A

The cheek

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41
Q

Cranial

A

The skull

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42
Q

Cephalic

A

The head

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43
Q

Frontal

A

The forehead

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44
Q

Mental

A

The chin

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45
Q

Nasal

A

The nose

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46
Q

Occipital

A

The back of the head

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47
Q

Ocular

48
Q

Oral

49
Q

Otic

50
Q

Acromial

A

The point of the shoulder

51
Q

Antebrachial

A

The forearm

52
Q

Antecubital

A

The anterior surface of the elbow

53
Q

Axillary

A

The armpit

54
Q

Brachial

55
Q

Carpal

56
Q

Digital

A

The finger or toes

57
Q

Manual

58
Q

Metacarpal

A

The metacarpals (bone of the hand)

59
Q

Pollex

60
Q

Coxal

61
Q

Crural

A

The anterior surface of the leg

62
Q

Femoral

63
Q

Hallux

A

The great toe (Big toe)

64
Q

Metatarsal

A

The metatarsals (bones of the foot)

65
Q

Patellar

A

The anterior surface of the knee

66
Q

Pedal

67
Q

Plantar

A

The sole of the foot

68
Q

Popliteal

A

The posterior surface of the knee

69
Q

Sural

A

The posterior surface of the leg

70
Q

Tarsal

71
Q

Planes of Section

A

Standard ways of dividing a body or body part to examine its internal structure

72
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

A plane of section that divides the body or body part into right and left portions

73
Q

Midsagittal Plane (Median Plane)

A

A plane of section that divides the body or body part into equal right and left portions

74
Q

Parasagittal Plane

A

A plane of section that divides the body or body pat into unequal right and left portions

75
Q

Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane)

A

A plan of section that divides the body or body parts into anterior and posterior portions

76
Q

Transverse Plane (Horizontal Plane/Cross Section)

A

A plane of section that divides the body or body part into superior and inferior portions or proximal and distal portions

77
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

Towards the front

78
Q

Posterior (Dorsal)

A

Towards the back

79
Q

Superior (Cranial)

A

Towards the head

80
Q

Inferior (Caudal)

A

Towards the tail

81
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of origin, usually the trunk

82
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from the point of origin, usually the trunk

83
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the midline of the body or body part

84
Q

Lateral

A

Farther away from the midline of the body or body part

85
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface

86
Q

Deep

A

Farther below the surface

87
Q

Posterior Body Cavity

A

The major body cavity located mostly on the posterior side of the body

88
Q

Anterior Body cavity

A

The major body cavity located mostly on the anterior side of the body

89
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

A dorsal body cavity located within the skull that houses the brain

90
Q

Vertebral (Spinal) Cavity

A

A posterior body cavity located within the vertebral column that houses the spinal cord

91
Q

Diaphragm

A

A dome-shaped muscle located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and the main muscle for breathing

92
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

A ventral body cavity located within the area superior to the diaphragm that encompasses the area of the thorax

93
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

A potential space between the parietal and visceral membranes surrounding the lungs, contains a thin layer of serous fluid

94
Q

Mediastinum

A

The portion of the thoracic cavity located between the lungs

95
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

A narrow potential space located between the parietal and visceral pericardial membranes surrounding the heart, contains a thin layer of serous fluid

96
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

The portion of the abdominopelvic cavity located within the bony pelvis

97
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

A narrow space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum membranes that is filled with serous fluid

98
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

99
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

100
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

101
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

102
Q

Right/ Left Hypochondriac Regions

A

Lie below the cartilage of the ribs

103
Q

Epigastric Region

A

The region between the right and left hypochondriac regions and superior to the stomach

104
Q

Right/ Left Lumbar Regions

A

Located approximately in the same region as the lumbar vertebrae

105
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Region between the right and left lumbar regions, contains the umbilicus

106
Q

Right/ Left Iliac Regions

A

Located in the inguinal areas

107
Q

Hypogastric Region

A

Located between the right and left iliac regions, inferior to the stomach

108
Q

Serous Fluid

A

A thin, watery secretion from a serous membrane that lubricates an organ in a cavity within the serous membrane

109
Q

Serous membrane

A

Thin sheets of tissue that envelope certain organs and produce serous fluid

110
Q

Visceral layer of Serous Membrane

A

The inner layer that actually comes into contact with the organ

111
Q

Parietal Layer of Serous Membrane

A

The outer layer that attaches to surrounding structures

112
Q

Pleural Membranes

A

Surround the lungs, consists of parietal, and visceral pleura

113
Q

Pericardial Membranes

A

Surround the heart, consists of parietal and visceral pericardium

114
Q

Peritoneal Membranes

A

Surrounds some abdominal organs, consists of parietal and visceral peritoneum

115
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Inside the peritoneal cavity

Anatomy (9 decks)

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