The Chemical Level Of Organization Flashcards
1
Q
12 chemical elements of body
A
O, C,H,N,Ca,P,K,S, Na, Mg,Cl, Fe
2
Q
Chemistry
A
Science of the structure and interactions of matter
3
Q
Mass
A
Amount of matter in any object which does not change
4
Q
Weight
A
Force of gravity acting on matter,does change
5
Q
Three states matter exists in are:
A
Solids, liquids, and gases
6
Q
Solids
A
Compact and have definite shape and volume
Example bones and teeth
7
Q
Liquids
A
Definite volume and assume the shape of their container
Example blood plasma
8
Q
Gases
A
Neither a definite shape or volume
Example Oxygen and carbon dioxide
9
Q
Chemical elements
A
Building blocks that make up all forms of matter (living and non)
10
Q
How many elements are in the body
A
26 elements
11
Q
How many current elements are recognized
A
118 elements
12
Q
Four major elements that make up 96% body mass
A
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
13
Q
Eight lesser elements that make up 3.6% body mass
A
Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron
14
Q
Atom
A
Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element
15
Q
Subatomic particle
A
Compose individual Atoms
16
Q
What are the three types of subatomic particles
A
Protons, electrons, and neutrons
17
Q
Protons
A
Positively charged
18
Q
Neutrons
A
Neutral or unchanged
19
Q
Electrons
A
Negatively charged
20
Q
Nucleus
A
Dense central core of an atom
Contains protons and neutrons
21
Q
Atomic number
A
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
22
Q
Mass number
A
Sum of an atoms protons and neutrons
23
Q
Why are oxidation – reduction reactions important
A
Break down food molecules to produce energy essential to life
24
Q
Isotopes
A
Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons there for different mass numbers
25
Free radicals
atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outer most shell
26
What is the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
Reactants are the starting substance and the products are the ending substance in a chemical reaction
27
How do you catalysts affect activation energy?
Catalysts affect activation energy by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur
28
Ion
atom with a positive or negative charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons
29
Molecule
When two or more atoms share electrons
30
Free radical
Atom or group of atoms with and unpaired electrons in the outer most shell
Often unstable highly reactive or destructive to nearby molecules
31
Chemical bonds
Forces that hold together the atoms
| of a molecule or compound
32
Ionic bonds
Force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges
33
Cation
Positively charged ion
34
Anion
Negatively charged ion
35
Electrolyte
Ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution
36
Covalent bond
Two or more atoms share electrons rather than gain or lose them
Most common bond in the body
37
Hydrogen bond
When a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of a neighbouring electronegative atom
38
Surface tension
Measure of difficulty of stretching or breaking the surface of a lipid
39
Chemical reaction
When a new bond forms or an old bond breaks
Foundation of all life processes
40
Metabolism
All chemical reactions in the body
41
Activation energy
Collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of reactants
42
What 2 things influence collision
Concentration and temperature
43
How does concentration influence collision
More particles of matter present in a confined space greater chance of colliding
44
How does temperature influence collision
Increase in temperature causes particles to move more rapidly forcing particles to collide
45
Catalyst
Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy example enzymes
46
Anabolism
Two or more atoms, ions or molecules combined to form larger molecules
47
What is the process of anabolism
Synthesis reaction
48
Catabolism
Breakapart of large molecules into smaller atoms, ions or molecules
49
What is the process of reaction of catabolism
Decomposition reaction
50
Exchange reactions
Consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions
51
Reverse reactions
Products reversed to original reactants
52
Oxidation
Loss of electrons, releasing energy
53
Reduction
Gain of electrons, gains energy
54
Oxidization reduction reaction
Well, one substance is oxidized while another is reduced
55
Compound
Substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements
56
Inorganic compounds
Lack carbon, structurally simple
57
Organic compounds
Always contain carbon, usually hydrogen, always covalent bonds
58
Water
Inorganic compound, most important, die in days without, nearly all body chemical reactions occur in a watery medium
59
Hydrophylic
Dissolve easily in water
60
Hydrophobic
Not very water-soluble
61
Solution
Mixture of solute and solvent
62
Solute
Substance that dissolves in a solvent
63
Solvent
Dissolves another substance
64
Hydrolysis
To loosen her breakapart
| -enable dietary nutrients to be absorbed into the body
65
Dehydration synthesis reaction
Went to smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule
| example water molecule
66
Three common liquid mixtures are
Solutions
colloids
suspensions
67
Mixture
Combination of elements or compounds that blend together
not bound by chemical bonds
example air you breathe is a mixture of gases
68
Colloid
Particles are large enough to scatter
| usually translucent opaque
69
Suspension
May mix with liquid but eventually will settle out
| example blood
70
Dissociate
When in organic acids, bases or salts dissolve in water
| they separate into ions and become surrounded by water molecules
71
Acid
Substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more Anions
72
Buffer systems
Function to convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases
73
Free radical is
An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electrons in the outer most shell
74
There are ___different chemical elements normally present in the human body
26
75
Chemistry is
The science of the structure and interactions of matter
76
The mass number of an atom is
The sum of its protons and neutrons
77
Isotopes
Are atoms of an element That have different numbers of neutrons and thus different mass numbers
78
Antioxidants
Inactivate oxygen derived free radicals
79
The forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule or a compound are
Chemical bond
80
This form is when two or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them
Covalent bond
81
This form is when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of neighbouring electronegative atom
Hydrogen bond
82
The force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges is
Ionic bond
83
Ionic compounds exist as
Solids
84
The cohesion of water molecules create a very high
Surface tension
85
What is the weakest kind of bond
Hydrogen bond
86
The rule that helps explain why atoms interact in predictable ways
Octet rule
87
And ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution is called a
Electrolyte
88
Chemical reactions occur when
New bonds form
89
Metabolism refers to
Chemical reactions in the body
90
A chemical compound that speeds up chemical reactions
Catalyst
91
When two or more atoms, ions or molecules are combined to form larger molecules the process is called
Synthesis
92
______ Refers to the gain of electrons, in the process there for a substance gains energy
Reduction
93
Reactions in the body that consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions are
Exchange reactions
94
When larger molecules are broken down this is referred to as
Catabolism
95
Always parallel, reaction that oxidizes one substance while another is reduced
Oxidization reduction
96
A solution is made up of which of the following
Solvent dissolves the solute
97
Organic compound always contains
Carbon
98
The pH scale goes down from seven makes it more
Acidic
99
Water helps your body with
Lubricant
chemical reactions
dissolvent
100
What is the water percentage of lean body mass in a grown-up organism
55 to 60%
101
Hydrolysis
Decomposition of large molecules into smaller ones by adding water
102
Hydrophylic compound are
Charged or contain polar covalent bonds
103
Example of suspension is
Mixture of boiling water
104
Bases are
Protein acceptor
