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Chemical & Cellular (Massage Therapy) > The Chemical Level Of Organization > Flashcards

The Chemical Level Of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

12 chemical elements of body

A

O, C,H,N,Ca,P,K,S, Na, Mg,Cl, Fe

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2
Q

Chemistry

A

Science of the structure and interactions of matter

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3
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter in any object which does not change

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4
Q

Weight

A

Force of gravity acting on matter,does change

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5
Q

Three states matter exists in are:

A

Solids, liquids, and gases

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6
Q

Solids

A

Compact and have definite shape and volume

Example bones and teeth

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7
Q

Liquids

A

Definite volume and assume the shape of their container

Example blood plasma

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8
Q

Gases

A

Neither a definite shape or volume

Example Oxygen and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Chemical elements

A

Building blocks that make up all forms of matter (living and non)

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10
Q

How many elements are in the body

A

26 elements

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11
Q

How many current elements are recognized

A

118 elements

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12
Q

Four major elements that make up 96% body mass

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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13
Q

Eight lesser elements that make up 3.6% body mass

A

Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iron

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14
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties and characteristics of an element

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15
Q

Subatomic particle

A

Compose individual Atoms

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16
Q

What are the three types of subatomic particles

A

Protons, electrons, and neutrons

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17
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged

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18
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral or unchanged

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19
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged

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20
Q

Nucleus

A

Dense central core of an atom

Contains protons and neutrons

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21
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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22
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of an atoms protons and neutrons

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23
Q

Why are oxidation – reduction reactions important

A

Break down food molecules to produce energy essential to life

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24
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons there for different mass numbers

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25
Q

Free radicals

A

atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outer most shell

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26
Q

What is the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction?

A

Reactants are the starting substance and the products are the ending substance in a chemical reaction

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27
Q

How do you catalysts affect activation energy?

A

Catalysts affect activation energy by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur

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28
Q

Ion

A

atom with a positive or negative charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons

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29
Q

Molecule

A

When two or more atoms share electrons

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30
Q

Free radical

A

Atom or group of atoms with and unpaired electrons in the outer most shell

Often unstable highly reactive or destructive to nearby molecules

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31
Q

Chemical bonds

A

Forces that hold together the atoms

of a molecule or compound

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32
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges

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33
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

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34
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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35
Q

Electrolyte

A

Ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution

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36
Q

Covalent bond

A

Two or more atoms share electrons rather than gain or lose them

Most common bond in the body

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37
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

When a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of a neighbouring electronegative atom

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38
Q

Surface tension

A

Measure of difficulty of stretching or breaking the surface of a lipid

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39
Q

Chemical reaction

A

When a new bond forms or an old bond breaks

Foundation of all life processes

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40
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions in the body

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41
Q

Activation energy

A

Collision energy needed to break the chemical bonds of reactants

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42
Q

What 2 things influence collision

A

Concentration and temperature

43
Q

How does concentration influence collision

A

More particles of matter present in a confined space greater chance of colliding

44
Q

How does temperature influence collision

A

Increase in temperature causes particles to move more rapidly forcing particles to collide

45
Q

Catalyst

A

Chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy example enzymes

46
Q

Anabolism

A

Two or more atoms, ions or molecules combined to form larger molecules

47
Q

What is the process of anabolism

A

Synthesis reaction

48
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakapart of large molecules into smaller atoms, ions or molecules

49
Q

What is the process of reaction of catabolism

A

Decomposition reaction

50
Q

Exchange reactions

A

Consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions

51
Q

Reverse reactions

A

Products reversed to original reactants

52
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons, releasing energy

53
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons, gains energy

54
Q

Oxidization reduction reaction

A

Well, one substance is oxidized while another is reduced

55
Q

Compound

A

Substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements

56
Q

Inorganic compounds

A

Lack carbon, structurally simple

57
Q

Organic compounds

A

Always contain carbon, usually hydrogen, always covalent bonds

58
Q

Water

A

Inorganic compound, most important, die in days without, nearly all body chemical reactions occur in a watery medium

59
Q

Hydrophylic

A

Dissolve easily in water

60
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Not very water-soluble

61
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of solute and solvent

62
Q

Solute

A

Substance that dissolves in a solvent

63
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolves another substance

64
Q

Hydrolysis

A

To loosen her breakapart

-enable dietary nutrients to be absorbed into the body

65
Q

Dehydration synthesis reaction

A

Went to smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule

example water molecule

66
Q

Three common liquid mixtures are

A

Solutions
colloids
suspensions

67
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of elements or compounds that blend together
not bound by chemical bonds

example air you breathe is a mixture of gases

68
Q

Colloid

A

Particles are large enough to scatter

usually translucent opaque

69
Q

Suspension

A

May mix with liquid but eventually will settle out

example blood

70
Q

Dissociate

A

When in organic acids, bases or salts dissolve in water

they separate into ions and become surrounded by water molecules

71
Q

Acid

A

Substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions and one or more Anions

72
Q

Buffer systems

A

Function to convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases

73
Q

Free radical is

A

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electrons in the outer most shell

74
Q

There are ___different chemical elements normally present in the human body

A

26

75
Q

Chemistry is

A

The science of the structure and interactions of matter

76
Q

The mass number of an atom is

A

The sum of its protons and neutrons

77
Q

Isotopes

A

Are atoms of an element That have different numbers of neutrons and thus different mass numbers

78
Q

Antioxidants

A

Inactivate oxygen derived free radicals

79
Q

The forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule or a compound are

A

Chemical bond

80
Q

This form is when two or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them

A

Covalent bond

81
Q

This form is when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts the partial negative charge of neighbouring electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen bond

82
Q

The force of attraction that holds together ions with opposite charges is

A

Ionic bond

83
Q

Ionic compounds exist as

A

Solids

84
Q

The cohesion of water molecules create a very high

A

Surface tension

85
Q

What is the weakest kind of bond

A

Hydrogen bond

86
Q

The rule that helps explain why atoms interact in predictable ways

A

Octet rule

87
Q

And ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution is called a

A

Electrolyte

88
Q

Chemical reactions occur when

A

New bonds form

89
Q

Metabolism refers to

A

Chemical reactions in the body

90
Q

A chemical compound that speeds up chemical reactions

A

Catalyst

91
Q

When two or more atoms, ions or molecules are combined to form larger molecules the process is called

A

Synthesis

92
Q

______ Refers to the gain of electrons, in the process there for a substance gains energy

A

Reduction

93
Q

Reactions in the body that consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions are

A

Exchange reactions

94
Q

When larger molecules are broken down this is referred to as

A

Catabolism

95
Q

Always parallel, reaction that oxidizes one substance while another is reduced

A

Oxidization reduction

96
Q

A solution is made up of which of the following

A

Solvent dissolves the solute

97
Q

Organic compound always contains

A

Carbon

98
Q

The pH scale goes down from seven makes it more

A

Acidic

99
Q

Water helps your body with

A

Lubricant
chemical reactions
dissolvent

100
Q

What is the water percentage of lean body mass in a grown-up organism

A

55 to 60%

101
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Decomposition of large molecules into smaller ones by adding water

102
Q

Hydrophylic compound are

A

Charged or contain polar covalent bonds

103
Q

Example of suspension is

A

Mixture of boiling water

104
Q

Bases are

A

Protein acceptor

Chemical & Cellular (Massage Therapy) (2 decks)

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