Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemical & Cellular (Massage Therapy) > The Cellular Level of Organization > Flashcards

The Cellular Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Basic living, structural, functional unit of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell biology (cytology)

A

Study of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Forms sell flexible outer surface and separate the internal and external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Consists of all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

has two compartments cytosol and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organelles

A

Characteristic shape and function in cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle that houses most cell DNA

Control centre of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chromosome

A

Single molecule of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Genes

A

Hereditary units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fluid Mosaic model

A

Continually moving sea of fluid lipids that contain many different protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plasma membrane functions

A

Barrier separating inside and outside cell
Control flow of substances inside and out of the cell
Helps identify the cell to other cells
Participates in intercellular signalling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lipid bilayer

A

Basic structural framework of plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Three lipid molecules that make back-to-back layers

A

Phospholipids glycolipids and cholesteryl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Amphipathic

A

Polar and nonpolar lipids
Phospholipids are polar head hydrophilic
Fatty acid tails or nonpolar hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Integral proteins

A

Extend into and through the lipid bilayer firmly embedded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

Span entire lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Not firmly embedded attached to polar heads or integral proteins ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ion channel

A

Pore through which ion can flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Carrier protein

A

Transport specific substance across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Receptor protein

A

Recognizes ligand and alter cell function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Enzyme protein

A

Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Linker protein

A

Anchors filaments inside and outside plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cell identity marker

A

Distinguishes your cells from anyone else glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Membrane fluidity

A

Easily rotating move sideways
Allows interaction with the plasma membrane
Allows movement of membrane components responsible for cell processes
(cell movement, growth, division, secretion and formation of cellular junctions)
Allows lipid bilayer to self seal it punctured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Membrane permeability

A

Structure permits passage of substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Selective permeability

A

Permit Some substances more than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference in the concentration of a chemical from one place to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Inner surface plasma membrane

A

More negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Outer surface plasma membrane

A

Or positively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Electrical gradient

A

Difference in electrical charge between two regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Types of transport

A

Passive and active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Types of passive transport

A

Simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Types of active transport

A 
Active transport (primary secondary)
transport in vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Passive transport

A

Substances move down its concentration or electrical gradient across the membrane using only it’s own Kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Active transport

A

Cellular energy is used to drive a substance uphill against its gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive, random mixing of particles in a solution

Moves from a high to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Five factors of diffusion rate

A

Steepness of concentration gradient temperature
mass of diffusing substance
surface area
diffusion distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Substances move freely through lipid bilayer without help of transport protein

38
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Integral membrane protein assist specific substances across (channel or carrier)

39
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of solvent (water) through selective permeable membrane
area of high to low water concentration

40
Q

Tonicity

A

Measure of a solution’s ability to change cell volume by altering water content

41
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Same concentration both sides

42
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Solution has a lower concentration of solute then inside cell

43
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Solution has a higher concentration of solutes then inside cell

44
Q

Crenation

A

Shrinkage of cell

45
Q

Active transport

A

Energy is required for carrier proteins to move solutes across the membrane against a concentration gradient

46
Q

3 types of active transport

A

Primary (ATP from hydrolysis)
secondary (Energy stored in concentration gradient)
transport in vesicles

47
Q

Two types of Active transport by vesicle

A

Endocytosis

exocytosis

48
Q

Endocytosis

A

Into the cell

49
Q

Exocytosis

A

Out of the cell

50
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating endocytosis that engulfs large particles

51
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Consists of all cellular material between plasma membrane and nucleus
two compartments cytosol and organelles

52
Q

Three types of filaments of cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

53
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Protein filaments that extend through cytosol

54
Q

Organelle

A

Specialize structure & shape that perform specific functions, growth maintenance and reproduction in cell

55
Q

Cilia and flagella

A

Short, hairlike and extend from the cell suface to move fluid
Like Cilia but longer can move an entire cell

56
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains cells genetic information, organized into chromosomes
control centre of the cell

57
Q

Mitochondria

A

Considered to be the powerhouse of the cell respiration occurs here in ATP is generated

58
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough ER – ribosomes on outside process of protein produced by ribosomes

Smooth ER – synthesizes lipids, phospholipids and steroids

Assembly line

59
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Re-Processes and packs proteins and lipids produced by the cell

Post office

60
Q

Lysosome

A

Controls Digestive enzymes to engulf aged organelles, food and bacteria

61
Q

Peroxisome

A

Contains enzymes that get rid of peroxide from the cell

62
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

63
Q

Centrosome

A

Microtubule organizing centre
two components centrioles and pericentriolar matrix (Forms mitotic spindle during cell division and build microtubules in non-dividing cells

64
Q

Proteasone

A

Barrel shaped, degrades damaged or faulty proteins by cutting into smaller peptides

Wood chipper

65
Q

Apoptosis

A

Genetically programmed death of cell

66
Q

Chromatin

A

Complex of DNA and some RNA and proteins

67
Q

Genome

A

Genetic information

68
Q

Genomics

A

Study of relationship between genome and biological function of an organism

69
Q

Chromosome

A

Highly coiled and folded DNA molecule combined with protein molecules

70
Q

Transcription

A

Information encoded in a specific region of DNA to produce a specific molecule of RNA (copied)

71
Q

Translation

A

RNA attaches to a ribosome, then translated into sequence of amino acids to form new protein molecule

72
Q

Two types of protein synthesis

A

Transcription

translation

73
Q

Gene expression

A

Genes DNA issued as a template for synthesis of a specific protein

74
Q

Cell division

A

Process by which cells reproduce themselves

75
Q

Somatic cell

A

any body cell other than germ cell

76
Q

Germ cell

A

Gamete, cell designed to become gamete

77
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell undergoes a nuclear division

78
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasmic division

79
Q

Meiosis

A

Two-step reproductive cell division (reducing in half)

80
Q

Cell cycle

A

When somatic cell duplicates its contents and divides in two

81
Q

Diploid cells

A

Two sets of chromosomes

82
Q

Haploid cell

A

Single set of chromosomes

83
Q

Cell division phases

A

Interphase

mitotic phase

84
Q

Interphase

A

Cell replicates it’s DNA
Produces additional organelles and cytosolic components
State of high metabolic activity

85
Q

Mitotic phase

A 
Results in the formation of two identical cells
Nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis)
86
Q

Three destinies of a cell

A

Remain alive and functioning
grow and divide
Die

87
Q

Cdk’s

A

Enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein to activate it

others remove phosphate group to deactivate

88
Q

Aging

A

Progressive alteration of the bodies homeostatic adaptive responses

89
Q

Geriatrics

A

Deals with medical problems and care of elderly

90
Q

Gerontology

A

Study of the progress and problems associated with aging

91
Q

Telemeres

A

Protect ends of chromosome

Chemical & Cellular (Massage Therapy) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions