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Principles of Cell Biology > The Chemical Foundation > Flashcards

The Chemical Foundation Flashcards

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1
Q

All matter is composed of______

A

Atoms

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2
Q

Why are the chemical foundations important for biology?

A

Because chemistry provides is with molecules and bonding

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3
Q

Atoms are composed of_____,______,and _________.

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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4
Q

Positively charged particles are _________

A

protons

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5
Q

Neutrally charged particles are _________

A

Neutrons

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6
Q

Negatively charged particles________

A

Electrons

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7
Q

Atoms of the same element that have different atomic mass numbers due to different numbers of Neutrons are called_________

A

Isotopes

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8
Q

Atoms that are either negatively or positively charged are called ______

A

Neutral atoms

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9
Q

_______Gain or loss of an electron

A

Ions

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10
Q

Positively charged ions

A

Cations

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11
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

Anions

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12
Q

_______processes potential energy

A

electrons

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13
Q

Electrons far from the nucleus have _____or____ energy

A

More,Less

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14
Q

______=the loss of an electron; therefore, becomes ionized and less negative

A

Oxidation

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15
Q

________= the gaining of an electron; therefore becomes more negative

A

Reduction

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16
Q

____ electrons=electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

A

Valence

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17
Q

___,____, and ___ all are pared; therefore, balanced

A

He, Ne,Ar

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18
Q

the paring of the unpared electron creates______

A

bonds

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19
Q

_____ tend to establish completely full outer energy levels

A

Atoms

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20
Q

There are____naturally occurring elements. Only____ elements are found in living organisms.

A

90,12

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21
Q

(Organic coumpounds) 4 elements make up 96.3% of living organisms. Their names are _____,__________,___________,and__________

A

Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen

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22
Q

Cells contain mostly______

A

Water

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23
Q

why isn’t H20 considered an organic molecule?

A

It doesn’t contain carbon

24
Q

________ groups of atoms held together in stable associations

A

Molecules

25
Q

________ molecules containing more then one type of elements

A

Compound

26
Q

Atoms are held together by________

A

Chemical bonds

27
Q

________ are formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions(kind of weak)greedy

A

Ionic Bonds

28
Q

_____=shared electrons

A

Covalent

29
Q

covalent bond strength=________

single bond

A

strongest bonds

30
Q

_____________ determines how bonding occurs

A

Electronegativity

31
Q

______ covalent bonds are equal distributions or equally shared

A

non-polar

32
Q

_____covalent bonds=uneven sharing

A

polar

33
Q

Chemical reaction involves_____

A

Interactions betweenn atoms

34
Q

Whether a chemical reaction occurs is influenced by______

A

Reactants

35
Q

all living organisms are dependent on_____

A

Water

36
Q

the structure of water

A

H2O

37
Q

The most important property of water is the ability to form__________

A

Hydrogen Bonds(the weakest of bonds)

38
Q

Partial electrical charges develop:
________ is partially negative
________is partially positive

A

Oxygen, Hydrogen

39
Q

Hydrogen bonds can form between_____________

A

adjacent molecules

40
Q

Organic molecules:

A

Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen

41
Q

water can be _____ and ______

A

Cohesive and adhesive

42
Q

______Sticking together of water molecules

A

cohesion

43
Q

_____ It sticks one substance to another

A

adhesion

44
Q

water going up a tree to distribute the water is called________

A

Capillary attraction

45
Q

Water is a ______molecule

A

Polar

46
Q

Hydrophilic =

A

water-loving(polar)

47
Q

hydrophobic=

A

waterhating (non-polar)

48
Q

Ph refers to the concentration of ______ in a solution

A

H+ ion

49
Q

Greater H+ concentration _______(acidic)

A

Lower PH

50
Q

Lower H+ concentration_______(more basic or alkaline production)

A

Higher PH

51
Q

Proton doner->________: are substances with lots of hydrogen ions donates hydrogen ions to the solution

A

Acid

52
Q

Proton accepters->________: are substances or liquids with few hydrogen ions accept hydrogen ions.

A

Base

53
Q

Most biological buffers consist of a pair of molecules, one an_____ and one an_____.

A

Acid and base

54
Q

EG. ________-Bicarbonate buffer

A

carbon dioxide

55
Q

________ regulates PH

A

buffers

Principles of Cell Biology (3 decks)

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