The Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards
More hydroxyl’s than hydrogen’s
More OH- than H+
Alkaline or bases
pH range of 8-14
Neutral
pH of 7
Distilled Water/blood
Equal amounts of H+ & OH-
Buffers
Resist change in pH?
Buffers
Acid
pH range 1-6
more H+ than OH-
more hydrogen than hydroxyl’s
pH simply means
the power of hydrogen
Electrolytes
Are Ions
Describe Cohesion
hydrogen bonds hold molecules of water together
An example of cohesion
Water works as a lubricant or cushion to protect against damage from friction or trauma
High heat of vaporization
Many hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate.
evaporation of water in perspiration cools the body
Example of: high heat of vaporization
High “specific” Heat
hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break & release heat when they form, thereby minimizing temperature changes.
Body temperature stays relatively “constant”
Example: High “specific” Heat
Strong Polarity
Polar water molecules attract other polar compounds which causes them to dissociate.
Properties of water
Strong polarity
High Specific Heat
High heat of vaporization
Cohesion
Strong polarity; example
Many kinds of molecules can dissolve in cells, thereby permitting a variety of chemical reaction allowing many substances to be transported.
Dehydration Synthesis
key reaction during anabolism
water is removed as smaller subunits are fused together
requires energy (ATP)
Anabolism
Description of chemical reactions that form more complex biomolecules (macromolecules) from
smaller subunits: ATP (synthesis reaction)
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
transfers energy to cell components that need the energy to do work
AB—>A+B
H2O
Breaks down complex compounds to simpler ones and release energy from them.
This chemical reaction is called: Hydrolysis
(water breakdown)
Catabolism
Catoblism
Describes chemical reactions that breakdown larger food molecules into smaller chemical units and in so doing often release energy
Is used to describe all the chemical reactions that occur in body cells
Metabolism
AB+CD—–>AD+CB
NaBr + KCl—–>NaCl+Br
breakdown or decompose, two compounds and in exchange synthesize two new compounds
Exchange Reactions
Ab —–>A+B
H2O2——>H2O+O2
the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substance.
Decomposition
A+B——->AB
H2 + O2 ——->H2O
Putting together
Synthesis
Before the arrow
Reactant
After the arrow
Product
Between charges
weakest bond
between compounds
polar compound
Hydrogen bond
Positive ION
Cation
Negative ION
Anion
Between Ions Form compound soluble electron transfer bond Na----->Cl-
Ionic Bond