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Geography paper 2 > The changing economic world-A > Flashcards

The changing economic world-A Flashcards

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1
Q

what is gross domestic product (GDP)?

A

the total value of goods and services a country produces in a year

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2
Q

what is gross national income (GNI)?

A

the total value of goods and services people of that nationality produce in a year. also called gross national product

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3
Q

what is GNI per head?

A

GNI divided by population of country

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4
Q

what is birth rate?

A

number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year

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5
Q

what is death rate?

A

number of deaths per thousand of the population per year

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6
Q

wat is infant mortality rate?

A

number of babies who die under 1 year old per thousand babies born

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7
Q

what is people per doctor?

A

average number of people for each doctor

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8
Q

what is literacy rate?

A

the percentage of adults who can read and write

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9
Q

what is life expectancy?

A

the average age a person is expected to live

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10
Q

what is human development index (DI)?

A

number calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate, education level and income per head.

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11
Q

what are the reasons for historical different levels of development?

A
  • power and status
  • access to land
  • resulted in conflict
  • countries borders redrawn
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12
Q

what are the reasons for economic different levels of development?

A
  • bad fair trade
  • corrupt leaders profit personally from selling resources
  • food prices fluctuation depending on quality of crop
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13
Q

what are the reasons for physical different levels of development?

A
  • coastline- trade easily with ports
  • natural disasters
  • climate- poor growing conditions like desert in Chad
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14
Q

what is the gini coefficient?

A
  • measure of international disparities
  • 0 means that everyone has some income
  • 1 means that all income is controlled by one person
  • LIC’s and NEE’s have high gini coefficient
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15
Q

what are the consequences of uneven development?

A
  • disparities in wealth and heath
  • i.e. LIC’s often borrow money off world bank to pay for hospitals
  • internation migration - 2015 14 million being fired from homes
  • people from LIC’s moving to HIC’s
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16
Q

what is a TNC?

A

transnational corporation, produce goods and services inside many different countries EG McDonalds

17
Q

what is a FDI?

A

foreign direct investment, the cash injected into countries from TNC’s

18
Q

what is the multiplier effect?

A

investment in a business helps it to thrive crating work this can turn help onto other businesses

19
Q

what are some strategies which are used to help reduce the development gap?

A
  • investment
  • tourism
  • fairtrade
  • aid
  • debt relief
  • microfinacne loans
20
Q

how does aid help reduce the development gap?

A
  • money or resources
  • spent on development projects i.e. constructing schools
  • can be wasted on corrupt governments
21
Q

how does debt relief help reduce the development gap?

A
  • debt cancelled or interest rates lower

- i.e. Zambia had $4 billion removed allowing them to build a healthcare system for people in rural areas

22
Q

how does investment help reduce the development gap?

A
  • people or companies buy property in another country

- improves infrastructure, technology, increases services

23
Q

how does fair-trade help reduce the development gap?

A
  • farmers getting fair price
  • can help develop an area
  • but still only a small amount goes to original producer
24
Q

how does micro loans help reduce the development gap?

A
  • small loans given so people can start their own business

- doesn’t reduce poverty on a large scale

25
Q

how does tourism help reduce the development gap?

A
  • increase income as more money into country

- Kenya is using tourism to increase levels of development

26
Q

what is an example of a LIC which is using tourism to help levels of development?

A

Kenya

27
Q

what is the benefits of Kenya using tourism for better development?

A
  • 12% of Kenyas GPD
  • 600,000 directly or indirectly employed through tourism (10%)
  • visa fee for adults were cut by 50% in 2009 to make it cheaper to enter the country
  • increased from 0.9 million in 1995 to 1.8million in 2011

Geography paper 2 (5 decks)

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