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geography paper 2 > The Challenges Of Respuce Management [optional] Food > Flashcards

The Challenges Of Respuce Management [optional] Food Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ‘food security’?

A

Having access to sufficient, nutritious and affordable food.

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2
Q

Which parts of the world consume high numbers of calories?

A

Europe i.e. France
North America (i.e. Canada and USA)

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3
Q

Which parts of the world consume low numbers of calories?

A

South East Asia i.e. Indonesia
Africa i.e. central Africa

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4
Q

Which parts of the world have a high global food supply?

A

China
India
USA
Brazil
UK

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5
Q

Which parts of the world have a low global food supply?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

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6
Q

Why do some countries have a high food production?

A

Reliable farming methods
High levels of intensive farming
Suitable climate
Government investment

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7
Q

Why do some countries have a low food production?

A

Unreliable climate
Frequent droughts
Lack of investment / training

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8
Q

Name some areas of the world have food insecurity?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa
Afghanistan
Bangladesh

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9
Q

What is meant by ‘food deficit’?

A

A country that produces less food than it demands

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10
Q

What is meant by ‘food surplus’?

A

A country that produces more food than it demands

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11
Q

How does economic development cause food consumption to increase?

A

People can afford more variety of foods
Wealthy countries import large amounts of produce
Industrialising countries experience increasing populations which increases food demand

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12
Q

Why is food consumption increasing?

A

Increasing global population
Increasing wealth/affluence

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13
Q

List the impacts of food insecurity

A

Famine
Undernutrition
Soil erosion
Rising food prices
Conflict

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14
Q

What is ‘famine’?

A

A large scale shortage of food which leads to populations becoming malnourished.

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15
Q

What can cause famine?

A

Drought leading to crop failure
Political conflict

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16
Q

What are the consequences of famine?

A

Serious malnourishment
Weakness and inability to work
Too weak to fight infection/ disease
Death

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17
Q

What is undernutrition?

A

Lack of a balanced diet

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18
Q

What are the impacts of malnutrition?

A

Weight loss
Health issues
Deficiency in vitamins and minerals
Death

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19
Q

How does soil erosion link to food insecurity?

A

Insufficient knowledge of technology to effectively farm can lead to over cultivation of land. This dries out the soil and exposes it to winds which erode the soil. Cattle may overgraze or too many trees may be remove which causes soils to bake.

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20
Q

Identify the physical factors that can cause food insecurity

A

Climate - too hot or dry to grow food
Water stress - inability to water crops
Pests / disease - inability to protect crops from diseases which can destroy a yield

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21
Q

Identify the human factors that can cause food insecurity

A

Poverty - not being able to afford to buy or effectively grow foods
Technology - not having the equipment to produce food
Conflict - makes it difficult to obtain food, some militant groups may prevent food reaching places

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22
Q

How does food insecurity lead to increased food prices?

A

Lower supply and high demand
Rising cost of transport / fertilizers etc

23
Q

How does food insecurity lead to social unrest?

A

Food riots when supply is low - often coincide with high food prices

24
Q

How can food production been increased?

A

Irrigation
Aeroponics and hydroponics
The ‘new’ green revolution
Biotechnology
Appropriate technology

25
Q

What is irrigation?

A

Artificially watering land/crops

26
Q

How does irrigation increase food supply?

A

Irrigation can be used when there are water shortages
Drip irrigation uses less water but directly waters crops

27
Q

What are aeroponics?

A

Plants that are suspended in the air. They don’t need soil to grow

28
Q

What are hydroponics?

A

Plants that grow in gravel mixed with a nutrient solution

29
Q

How do aeroponics and hydroponics increase food supply?

A

As they don’t require soil and much water, they are a more reliable yield
Less likely to be affected by disease/pests
Seasonal goods can be grown throughout the year

29
Q

What is the ‘new’ green revolution?

A

A sustainable approach to farming that is more environmentally friendly that the initial Green Revolution of the 1950-60s.

30
Q

How does the new Green Revolution increase food supply?

A

Produces crops that are genetically modified to resist some diseases
Move towards more organic farming methods to improve soil quality
Use of irrigation

31
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

Genetically modifying crops to improve yield

32
Q

How does biotechnology increase food production?

A

Genetically modified crops can withstand disease
More resistant to drought
Requires fewer resources to grow

33
Q

How does using appropriate technology increase food production?

A

Examples include water harvesting systems, drip irrigation, bicycles used to de-husk coffee beans. These strategies improve ability to produce crops quickly and efficiently.

33
Q

What is meant by ‘appropriate technology’?

A

Technologies that are appropriate, suitable and affordable for the farmers that use them.

34
Q

What is the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)?

A

An irrigation system that provides water for Pakistan’s farm land. It has 3 large dams with smaller dams to regulate water between the rivers connected in the system.

35
Q

What are the advantages of Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)?

A

More water provided for crop production = higher yields
Dams have provided potential for HEP
More variety of food which has improved diets Increased profits from exported foods

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS)?

A

Conflict over share of water
Increased salinisation can be detrimental to soil quality
Dams are costly to repair and maintain
Water held in reservoirs evaporates in the summer

37
Q

What is ‘sustainability’?

A

The ability to meet the needs of the current population without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs

38
Q

How can organic farming create a more sustainable food supply?

A

More natural and less damaging to the environment
Lack of fertilizers and pesticides means less of a reliance on unsustainable resources
Reduction in air miles are food tends to be sold locally

39
Q

What is organic farming?

A

Farming without using fertilizers or pesticides.

40
Q

What is ‘permaculture’?

A

Producing food in a way that mimics natural ecosystems.

41
Q

How can permaculture create a more sustainable food supply?

A

Individuals encouraged to grown own foods
Altering diets to fit what is naturally produced
Eat organic and locally sourced food
Practicing crop rotation so to not exhaust soils
Growing a mix of crops to make use of space and light

42
Q

What is ‘urban farming’?

A

Using land in urban areas to farm e.g. roof tops, abandoned land.

42
Q

How can urban farming create a more sustainable food supply?

A

Range of fresh foods available which improves diet
Creates employment
Adds greenery to cities
Urban areas become less dependent on intensive agricultural practices
Attracts wildlife to cities

43
Q

How can sourcing meat and fish from sustainable sources create a more sustainable food supply?

A

Reduces over fishing
Cattle rearing often involves clearing land and is generally bad for the environment
Grass-fed meat provides natural manure for soil
Organic farming reduces waste, chemicals and energy used

44
Q

How can seasonal food consumption create a more sustainable food supply?

A

Eating food that is in season reduces the amount of food that has to be imported. E.g. eating peaches outside of UK harvest means they have to be imported meaning more food miles.

45
Q

What actions can be taken to reduce food waste?

A

Sealed plastic bags to preserve food for longer
Educate public on ‘best before’ and ‘use by’ labels
Changing approach to food past its ‘sell by’
More careful food storage

46
Q

How can reducing food waste create a more sustainable food supply?

A

Schemes such as ‘Love Food Hate Waste’ encourages and educates people on how to avoid food waste
Encouraging composting reduces landfill
Reducing waste will reduce demand

47
Q

What is agroforestry?

A

Growing crops in amongst trees

47
Q

How is agroforestry appropriate for countries like Mali?

A

Desertification is likely as the land is dry therefore, planting crops under the shade of trees improves the nutrient and moisture content of the soil and prevents soil erosion.

48
Q

How does agroforestry work in Mali?

A

Farmers plant crops amongst trees. The plants add nitrogen to the soil which means no fertilizers need to be added. Leaf litter adds further nutrients to soil. Trees protect crops from wind.

49
Q

How is agroforestry in Mali an example of sustainable food supplies?

A

Increases food production
Maintains soil health
Doesn’t rely on overuse of chemicals
Can be used continuously

geography paper 2 (5 decks)

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