The Challenges Of An Urban World Flashcards
Description of urbanisation in developed countries
90% of the UK population live in urban areas
Urbanisation
The movement of people from rural to towns and cities
Explanations for distribution of urbanisation in developed countries (4)
Large UK citites such as birmingham are growing again as younger people chose to live closer yo city centres
Agriculture became mechanised and industrial revolution brought people to cities
Cities grew due to rural depopulation
Counter urbanisation is becoming popular as people leave the hectic city life for villages
Distribution of urbanisation in developing countries (3)
25 megacities and half are in developing countries
The rate of urbanisation in developing countries in greater than 19th century Europe
Urban growth is now mainly occurring in developing countries
Why is there such rampant urbanisation in developing countries? Pull factors.
Population growth and natural increase mean not enough jobs are available in rural areas
They are looking for better paid jobs as factory workers get 3 times the pay as farmer
Better chance of access to services such as school
There are more reliable sources of food available
In search of more comfortable housing and higher quality of life
Why is there such rampant urbanisation in developing countries? Push factors.
Many families do mot own any land
Overpopulation resulting from high birth rate
Starvation resulting farming for companies and little left for themselves or crop failure
Lack of services for health and school
Farming is hard work with long hours and little pay, lack of mechanism and pesticide
Megacity
An urban area with a population of 10,000 or more and areas of great economical activity
A world city
A urban areas that is considered to an economic hub in the worlds economic system
Features of A developed world megacity
Most people work in the tertiary industry the deindustrialisation. Government encourages the expansion of the banking sector
people pay high rates of tax
Large disposable incomes
Population is dominated by older people and an ageing population
Spatial growth of London
Mega cities still have some areas of poor slum housing district
The central business district is at the centre with shops and offices surrounding it
Suburbs on the outskirts tend to be mainly residential
Spatial growth of Rio de Janiero
People on the outskirts live in squatter settlements because they cannot afford better housing
CBC is at the centre and industry is along the transport routes
Outskirts are filled with slums and informal housing
Features of a developing mega city
- Work is dominated by the informal sector without contracts or workers rights
- Dominates in the secondary sector which is poor paid and unskilled but more desirable than working in the primary sector
- Developing its tertiary and quaternary sector
Dominated by young people under 25 and has high rates of fertility and natural increase which was what drove them from rural areas
Urban challenges in the developed world
Food- large eco foot print and food has to be transported to London adding cost of carbon footprint
Water- demand is far greater than supplyconsumes over 161 litres each day
Energy:
-over consumption of energy pollutes the environment and puts strains on resources and the demand is too high.
Transport: polluting and car ownership too high, traffic congestion is at its peak
Waste- produce lots of waste and land fill sites are used up, the decay releases methane co2 contrib
Urban challenges in the developing world
People arrive from rural areas in search of work and build informal housing around the outskirts with easy eviction and rent.
Bustees employement- low wages and long hours mostly in the secondary and tertiary sector.
Watersupply- a single tap is used by 30-45 families
Sanitation- non existent sanitation and sewage, contaminated water and rubbish dumped in streets.
Health: high rate of infant mortality from lack of sanitation and easy spread of disease from congestion eg. Typhoid
Transport: most use over crowded public transport or rickshaws add pollution and congestion
Ntural hazard threats- slims not water proof and made up of temporary material mean they wont be able to withstand monsoon rains
Eco system
An area of land and sea that supplies all of the resources you need to live
