Population Dynamics

Question 0

Reasons for low birthrate (8)

Answer 0

Better education
More availability for contraceptive
More affordability for contraceptive
Women want careers
Women stay longer in education
Equality means women don't just hold a domestic role 
Pension scheme available 
People get married later

Question 1

Reasons for high birth rate (10)

Answer 1

• lack of contraceptive avilable
• Lack of affordable contraceptive
• Cultural pressures
• large family increases importance in the village
• low marriage age
• Lack of pension plans so rely on children to look after parents when they get old
• more oppurtunity to bring money for the family
• majority work on the land so more children mean larger labour force
• High infant mortality rate: more children mean more are likely to survive

Question 2

Stage 1 of the demographic transition model

Answer 2

There is a high birthrate and deathrate

Question 3

Explain stage 1 of the demographic transition model?

Answer 3

Disease and Famine leads to a high birth rate

Primary industry dominates and more children mean cheaper and more labour on the farm
Disease means a high infant mortality rate so more children will mean more survive to age.

Question 4

UK’s stage in the demographic transition model

Answer 4

Stage 5

Question 5

Population structure in the UK

Answer 5

Population decline and a natural decrease is suspected due to an ageing population and falling birth rate

Question 6

Population structure in Gambia

Answer 6

High population and natural increase as 92% of the population are young dependants

Question 7

Gambia’s stage in the demographic transition model

Answer 7

2/3

Question 8

Economic growth in Gambia

Answer 8

LEDC and primary industry dominates as 75% rely on subsistence farming. Therefore require a large workforce and need to have bigger families.

Question 9

Economic growth in the UK

Answer 9

One of the biggest economies in the world, dominates tertiary sector and average wGe of $25,000 and women have equal pay hence focus on their career and get married and have children later reducing the potential numbers of children they can have.

Question 10

Migration from gambia

Answer 10

Net migration of 2.5 per 1000 people meaning more people leave Gambia than enter to seek a better quality of life.

Question 11

Conflict in Gambia

Answer 11

No conflict and war currently but is a recovering economy from dictator therefore relatively low migration rate and rapid population growth as there is factors causing death rate

Question 12

Conflict in the UK

Answer 12

Politically stable nation which has not experienced military conflict and enjoys diplomatic relations with its neighbours and is 5th most common destination for asylum seekers

Question 13

Immigration from the UK

Answer 13

Open door policy for immigration to the residents of most EU nations and this is the main factor that prevents population from falling

history of immigration from ‘New Commonwealth’ nations this made up for the labour shortfall.

Question 14

Advantages of an aging population

Answer 14

• enjoy more time with elderly grandparents ect
• free child care provided by grandparents ect
• increased expenditure in some industries

Question 15

Disadvantages for an aging population

Answer 15

• Higher costs of pension scheme
• Higher cost of health care/ nursing homes
• labour short fall
• Neglecting children industries

Question 16

Advantages of a shrinking younger population

Answer 16

- less strain on resources eg. Smaller class sizes
-

Question 17

Disadvantages of shrinking younger population

Answer 17

Fewer workers in the economy

Decline in demand for some services

Question 18

Dependancy ratio

Answer 18

Tells us about the number of people working and the number of people dependant on them eg.

(Over 65 x under 14)

Question 19

Advantages of youthful population

Answer 19

Lots of potential worker
Cheap work force
Increased expenditure in some industries

Question 20

Disadvantages of youthful population

Answer 20

Strain on education services
Strain on health services
Lack of jobs services
More young dependant mean a lower quality of life as resources are strained

Question 21

Describe Gambia’s population pyramid

Answer 21

Wide base because of high population rate then narrows quickly because of high deathrate

Question 22

Describe the UKs population pyramid

Answer 22

Less wide base and a really wide top half to illustrate lower birth rate and higher life expectancy

Question 23

France’s pronatalist policies (4)

Answer 23

• Offers £1064 to couples having their thirds child
• maternity leave on full pay is longer for the third child
• Large families given preferential for state housing
• large families get 30% discount on public transport

Question 24

Advantages of France’s pronatalist policies

Answer 24

• Large public backing for the policy and many incentives have been made and put into place for 60+ years

Question 25

Disadvantages of. Frances Pronatalist policy

Answer 25

• Many members feel it discriminates against families and for the third child to have better financial care and opportunities than the first
• It is a very complicated system therefor every difficult to asess the effectiveness overall

Question 26

Antinatalist policy of China

Answer 26

One child policy and preference when applyig for schools given to one child families
Distribute contraceptives
Improvements in female literacy
Family planning programmes
Minimum marriage age

Question 27

Advantages of an antinatalist policy

Answer 27

Reduction in Air pollution
Reduction in the use of fossil fuels
Reduction in over crowding
Better quality of life as resources distributed better
Less starvation 
Less unemployment and economic growth

Question 28

Disadvantages of an anti natalist policy

Answer 28

Abandoned children
Spoilt children
Firced abortion
Unfair implementation

Question 29

USA immigration policies aim

Answer 29

Admit workers with specific skills to contribute to economy
Reunite families
Provide refuge
Immigration permenant and temporary for employment

Question 30

Advantages of immigration policy

Answer 30

Immigrants add mor emoney into the economy
Integration and cultural diversity
Foreeign workers fill low paid jobs
40% of scientists with PHD born abroad

Question 31

Disadvantages of immigration policy

Answer 31

Lack of tolerance and rasicm
wages forced down to accommodate pay for new workers
Health systems strained
less jobs available for locals