The Cerebellum Flashcards
What are the clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction?
- Unstable gait and stance
- Jerky and unsmooth movements that are accompanied by intentional tremor
- Ataxia (dys-coordination) of trunk/extremities
- Dysmetria of movement
- Eye movement disorders
- Speech disorders
How long is the unfolded human cerebellum?
About 2 meters long
The anterior and posterior lobe of the cerebellum are separated by what?
Primary fissure
How does the cerebellum receive inputs?
From the neocortex via the pinto-cerebellar pathway
How do pontine projections reach the cerebellum?
Via the middle cerebellar peduncle
Deep cerebella nuclei receive what?
Purkinje cell output
Deep cerebellar nuclei project through what?
The superior cerebellar peduncle to thalamus and brainstem nuclei
The cerebellar peduncles connect what?
The cerebellum with the rest of the brain
The inferior cerebellar peduncle carries what?
Spinal afferences and both afferences and efferences connecting the cerebella, with the vestibular nuclei
What is the main cerebellar output route?
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Most axons from deep cerebellar nuclei project through what?
Superior cerebellar peduncle
The cerebellum controls what half of the body?
Ipsilateral half
Cerebellar output through the superior cerebellar peduncle crosses the midline at what?
Decussation of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncles
Where does cerebellar output through the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle project to?
Thalamic nuclei which in turn project to motor and premotor cortex
Output from motor and premotor cortex recrosses the midline in the what?
Pyramidal decussation
What are the inputs for the Vestibulocerebellum (Flocculonodular lobe)?
From ipsilateral vestibular nuclei via the inferior cerebellar peduncle
Outputs to vestibular nuclei via inferior cerebellar peduncle control what?
Eye movements and body equilibrium
What are the inputs for the Spinocerebellum?
From ipsilateral spinal cord and trigeminal nerve mostly through the inferior cerebellar peduncle
Outputs via interposed and fastigial nuclei mostly via the superior cerebellar peduncle control what? and go where?
Motor execution and coordination; go to spinal cord
What are the inputs for the Cerebrocerebellum?
From contralateral neocortex via pontine nuclei and middle cerebellar peduncle
Outputs via dentate nuclei and superior cerebellar peduncle go where and control what?
Go to motor and premotor cortices via thalamus; control motor planning and coordination
What are the 3 primary layers of the cerebellar cortex?
- Outer molecular layer
- Purkinje cell layer
- Granule cell layer
The outer molecular layer contains what cells?
Stellate and basket cells
The Purkinje cell layer contains what cells?
Purkinje cells
The granule cell layer contains what cells?
Granule cells and Golgi cells
Which cell layer is the largest?
Granule cell layer
