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Neuroanatomy > CSF > Flashcards

CSF Flashcards

1
Q

What is CSF?

A

A clear watery fluid, derived from blood plasma, which is secreted in the ventricles via the choroid plexus, flows into the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord, then returns to the blood via venous sinuses

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2
Q

What are the functions of the CSF?

A
  1. Physical support of the brain
  2. Transfer of neuromodulators
  3. Acts as a lymphatic system for drainage of fluid in CNS
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3
Q

What is the buoyancy effect?

A

1400 g brain is reduced the 45 g when suspended in CSF

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4
Q

What does the choroid plexus do?

A

Filters CSF out of blood into the ventricles

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5
Q

What are the lateral ventricles composed of?

A

Anterior horn, body, posterior horn, and inferior horn

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6
Q

How is the lateral ventricle linked to the third ventricle?

A

Interventricular septum

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7
Q

How is the third ventricle connected to the fourth ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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8
Q

Ventricles are lined by what?

A

Ependymal cells

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9
Q

CSF leaves ventricles to enter the subarachnoid space via what?

A

Foramen and Magendie (median) and Foramina of Luschka (lateral)

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10
Q

From subarachnoid space, CSF enters superior sagittal sinus via what?

A

Arachnoid villi

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11
Q

What is the normal volume of CSF in circulation?

A

150 mL

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12
Q

What is the normal amount of CSF production?

A

400-500 mL

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13
Q

What is Obstructive Hydrocephalus?

A

Ventricular obstruction of cerebral aqueduct

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14
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-CSF Barrier

A

Protect brain by greatly restricting passage of harmful substances from the blood into brain while allowing required nutrients for proper brain function

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15
Q

What are the 4 types of blood-brain/blood-CSF barriers?

A
  1. Systemic capillary
  2. Brain capillary
  3. Choroid plexus
  4. Arachnoid villi
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16
Q

What does the systemic capillary do?

A

Allows passage of water and solutes

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17
Q

What does the brain capillary do?

A

Allows CO2 and O2 to diffuse easily by lipid solubility; passages of water requires cellular transport

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18
Q

Breakdown in the brain capillary might play a role in what?

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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19
Q

What does the choroid plexus do?

A

Allows passage of water and solutes

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20
Q

What does the arachnoid allow?

A

Passage of CSF from the subarachnoid space into venous sinuses

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21
Q

T/F: The cerebellum is part of the brainstem.

A

False

22
Q

The diencephalon is made up of what 2 parts?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

23
Q

What are the subdivisions of the hypothalamus?

A

Preoptic region, anterior region, tuberal region, posterior region

24
Q

What does the tegmentum contain?

A

Neurons and nuclei which allow essential life, body functions, and consciousness

25
Q

What does the neo-cortex allow?

A

Thinking

26
Q

What shuts the neo-cortex down?

A

Injury to the brainstem

27
Q

Where are noradrenergic neurons located?

A

Pons

28
Q

What is the function of NE?

A
  1. Modulation of attention
  2. Sleep-wake state
  3. Mood
29
Q

Where are dopaminergic neurons located?

A

Mesencepalon

30
Q

Dopamine has what 3 different pathways?

A
  1. Mesostriatal pathway
  2. Mesolimbic pathway
  3. Mesocortical pathway
31
Q

The Mesostriatal pathway originates from where?

A

Substantia nigra and goes to limbic system

32
Q

What is the Mesostriatal pathway involved in?

A

Motor function

33
Q

What disease is associated with the Mesostriatal pathway?

A

Parkinson’s disease (lack of Dopamine)

34
Q

The Mesolimbic pathway originates from where?

A

Ventral segmental area and goes to limbic system

35
Q

What is the Mesolimbic pathway involved in?

A

Locomotor function and reward

36
Q

What disease is associated with the Mesolimbic pathway?

A

Addiction

37
Q

Where does the Mesocortical pathway originate?

A

Ventral segmental are and goes to the prefrontal cortex

38
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

A

Gives ability to plan and reason

39
Q

What disease is associated with the Mesocortical pathway?

A

Schizophrenia

40
Q

What are the functions of Dopamine?

A
  1. Allows initiation of movement
  2. Parkinson’s Disease
  3. Plays a role in addiction and motivation
41
Q

T/F: Parkinson’s disease is the loss of the ability to move.

A

False; it is the loss of the ability to INITIATE movement

42
Q

What is the oldest part of the brain?

A

Reticular formation

43
Q

Where are vital centers located?

A

Medullary and pontine reticular formation

44
Q

What do vital centers control?

A

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and other homeostatic mechanisms

45
Q

T/F: Lesions in the vital centers are fatal.

A

True

46
Q

What is the Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)?

A

Neurons in the midbrain and pontine reticular formation that collect info about multiple sensory modalities and project to thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and the neo-cortex.

47
Q

The ARAS is necessary for what?

A

Maintenance of wakefulness and normal state of consciousness.

48
Q

Lesions in the ARAS result in what?

A

Coma

49
Q

Incomplete lesions in the ARAS may result in what?

A

Stupor

50
Q

PET scans measure what?

A

Radioactive glucose within neural tissues

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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