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Neuroscience > The Central Visual System > Flashcards

The Central Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of retinal receptive fields?

A

ON-center/OFF-surround
OFF-center/ON-surround

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2
Q

Hypothalamus role

A

biological rhythms, including sleep and wakefulness

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3
Q

pretectum role

A

control size of pupil, certain types of eye movement

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4
Q

superior colliculus role

A

orients the eyes in response to new stimuli - move fovea to objects of interest

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5
Q

what are nonthalamic targets of the optic tract?

A

hypothalamus, pretectum, superior colliculus

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6
Q

which layers of the lgn are contralateral

A

1,4,6

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7
Q

primary visual cortex provides 80% of the synaptic input to _______

A

the Lateralal geniculate nucleus

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8
Q

receptive fields of LGN neurons

A

almost identical to the ganglion cells that feed them

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9
Q

magnocellular LGN neurons

A

large center-surround receptive fields with transient response

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10
Q

properties of parvocellular LGN cells

A

small center-surround receptive fields with sustained response

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11
Q

which area of the brain contains the striate cortex

A

area 17

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12
Q

enlarged _______ leads to gigantism and tunnel vision

A

pituitary gland

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13
Q

what vision would be lost from lesion of the left optic nerve

A

left peripheral vision

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14
Q

what vision would be lost from lesion of the left optic tract

A

all right-side vision

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15
Q

what vision would be lost from lesion of the optic chiasm

A

all peripheral vision

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16
Q

brain stem neurons provide

A

modulatory influence on neuronal activity

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17
Q

where do the koniocellcular layers (K1-K6) lie

A

ventral to the principal layers of the same number

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18
Q

Are parvo or magno cells bigger

A

magno

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19
Q

“top-down” modulation may gate _______ input from LGN back to cortex

A

“bottom-up”

20
Q

how are the inputs in the LGN segregated

A

by eye and ganglion cell type

21
Q

what is another name for the primary visual cortex

A

striate cortex

22
Q

what part of the optic tract does the pituitary sit adjacent to?

A

the optic chiasm

23
Q

In a retinotopic map, the _____ is overrepresented

A

central visual field (fovea)

24
Q

RM - many cells in the target structure can be activated by

A

a discrete point of light due to overlapping receptive fields

25
Q

how many layers are in the striate cortex

A

6

26
Q

spiny stellate cells in V1

A

have spine covered dendrites. found in layer 4C

27
Q

pyramidal cells in V1

A

have thick apical dendrites with spines. found in layers 3, 4B, 5, 6

28
Q

inhibitory neurons in V1

A

no spines. form local connections in all cortical layers

29
Q

magnocellular LGN neurons project primarily to which layer of the striate cortex

A

layer 4C alpha

30
Q

parvocellcular LGN neurons project to

A

layer 4C beta of the striate cortex

31
Q

koniocellular LGN axons make synapses primarily in

A

layers 1 and 3 of the striate cortex

32
Q

Which cortical layers project to other cortical areas?

A

2, 3, and 4B

33
Q

What cortical layer cells project to the superior colliculus and pons?

A

layer 5

34
Q

What cortical layer cells project back to the LGN?

A

6

35
Q

studied with transneuronal autoradiography, ________ shows alternating inputs from two eyes

A

ocular dominance columns

36
Q

first binocular neurons found in

A

striate cortex

37
Q

the striate cortex binocular neurons start at which layer

A

layer 3

38
Q

developmental plasticity in ocular dominance occurs at the level of

A

the cortex

39
Q

cytochrome oxidase

A

mitochondrial enzyme used for cell metabolism

40
Q

what are blobs

A

CO-stained pillars in the striate cortex representing ocular dominance

41
Q

orientation selectivity

A

a bar of light’s orientation can determine the degree of reaction from the cell

42
Q

direction selectivity

A

neuron fires AP in the direction-dependent response to moving bar of light

42
Q

properties of complex cell receptive fields

A

binocular, orientation-selective, ON and OFF responses to the bar of light WITHOUT distinct regions

42
Q

properties of simple cell receptive field

A

binocular, orientation-selective, elongated ON or OFF area flanked with antagonistic surround

42
Q

properties of cortical module columns

A

4c concentric fields, 30-150 microMs wide and 2 mm deep

43
Q

calcium imaging uses

A

voltage sensitive dyes embedded in membrane

43
Q

cortical modules are capable of

A

analyzing every aspect of a portion of the visual field

Neuroscience (6 decks)

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