The Central Nervous System 1 Flashcards
The 4 CNS components?
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Brainstem
Spinal cord
3 divisions of the brain?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
3 brainstem components?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
What is divides the two hemispheres of the brain and what forebrain structure lies between the two hemispheres?
Mid-saggital line divides the two hemispheres
Diencephalon sits between them
What are the folds, grooves, and the groove running between the two hemispheres called?
Folds - Gyri
Grooves - Sulci
Groove between the two hemispheres is a deep longitudinal fissure
Components of the brain moving downward?
Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Midbrain Pons Medulla Cerebellum (lies behind pons and medulla) (Spinal cord)
2 divisions of the cerebral cortex?
Primary cortical areas
Associated cortical areas
The 4 primary cortical areas and their functions?
Primary motor cortex - effector/motor functions
Primary somatosensory cortex - Receives sensory input from body
Primary visual cortex - first location to receive input from retina
Primary auditory cortex - First location to receive input from the inner ear
The 2 associated cortical areas and their functions?
Broca’s area - involved in producing intelligible speech
Wernicke’s area - involved in comprehension of language
The 4 cortical areas and position relative to “centre” of the brain?
Frontal lobe - anterior
Parietal lobe - supero-posterior
Occipital lobe - posterior
Temporal lobe - inferior
The 4 main grooves in the brain?
Deep longitudinal fissure
Central sulcus
Lateral fissure
Parietal-occipital sulcus
What does the deep longitudinal fissure divide?
The two hemispheres of the brain
What does the central sulcus divide?
The frontal and parietal lobes
What does the lateral fissure divide?
The frontal and temporal lobes
What does the parietal-occipital sulcus divide? (cookie for getting this)
The parietal and occipital lobes
What is the corpus callosum?
A C-shaped structure that interconnects corresponding parts of the 2 hemispheres across the midline
What are the basal ganglia?
Groups of neurones referred to as nuclei within each hemisphere
Responsible for control of movement and nerve signalling in the brain
What two structures make up the diencephalon and where is it?
Thalamus and hypothalamus (below and anterior to thalamus)
Lies between the two hemispheres
What other structures lie within the diencephalon?
Optic chiama/nerve
Infundibulum (stalk of pituitary gland)
Roles of the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Thalamus - relay of information between brainstem and cerebral cortex
Hypothalamus - coordination of homeostatic mechanisms, interface between CNS, ANS, and endocrine system
Brainstem roles?
Controls vital functions such as respiration, consciousness, sleep cycle, blood pressure
Controls cranial nerve functions
Cerebellum location, surface type, structure and function?
Posterior to pons and medulla
Folded surface similar to hemispheres
Structure of two lateral hemispheres and a midline
Function is to coordinate movement
Which nervous system are the cranial nerves part of and what are their functions?
Form part of the PNS
Supply sensory and motor innervations to the head
Autonomic (parasympathetic) innervation to head, thoracic and abdominal organs
Involved in special sense e.g. vision, hearing, balance
What are the meninges from outside in?
Three membranes enclosing brain and spinal cord for protection
Dura mater - attached to bone
Arachnoid membrane - attached to underside of dura
Pia mater - Adheres to surface of brain/spinal cord
2 clinical problems with the meninges?
Obstruction of CSF flow in subarachnoid space
Bleeding between layers - stroke
Spinal cord functions?
Supplies motor, sensory and autonomic (parasympathetic) innervations to spinal nerves
Mediates reflexes
