The Central Dogma

Question 1

How does DNA Replication transmit genetic information?

Answer 1

DNA replication allows genetic information to be inherited from a parent cell to daughter cells (by mitosis) and from generation to generation (starting with meiosis)

Question 2

Does DNA Replication follow the conservative, semiconservative, or dispersive model?

Answer 2

Semiconservative

Question 3

The replication of chromosomal DNA begins at particular sites called _________, short stretches of DNA that have a specific sequence of nucleotides.

Answer 3

Origins of Replication (ORI)

Question 4

Enzyme that separates two strands at the Origin of Replication.

Answer 4

Helicase

Question 5

Each nucleotide is bound by a _________ which keeps the strands from coming back together.

Answer 5

Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein

Question 6

Enzyme that helps relieve this strain by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands.

Answer 6

Toiposomerase

Question 7

A Y-shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound. Found at each end of a replication bubble.

Answer 7

Replication Fork

Question 8

RNA chain is called

Answer 8

primer

Question 9

Enzyme that synthesizes the primer

Answer 9

Primase

Question 10

When is an initial nucleotide chain that can be used as a pre-existing chain produced?

Answer 10

During DNA synthesis

Question 11

One of the DNA strands encodes the “_________” also knows as new strand, which is laid down continuously from its 5’ to 3’ end.

Answer 11

Leading Strand

Question 12

From the previous question in number 11, this is done by an enzyme which moves towards the helicase.

Answer 12

DNA Polymerase III

Question 13

The other DNA strand (runs opposite direction) encodes the other (new strand), which must also be laid from its 5’ to 3’ end (away from Helicase). What is it called?

Answer 13

Lagging strand

Question 14

Another DNA Polymerase III then attaches to the RNA Primer and lays down a short length of DNA (away from Helicase) with 100-200 Nucleotides long until it reaches another RNA Primer further down the line. Once the DNA Polymerase III reaches the 2nd RNA Primer it dissociates. What is it called?

Answer 14

Okazaki Fragment

Question 15

Replaces the RNA Primer with DNA.

Answer 15

DNA Polymerase I

Question 16

Link the two Okazaki Fragments together.

Answer 16

DNA Ligase

Question 17

Sometimes evade proofreading by a DNA Polymerase.

Answer 17

Mismatched nucleotides

Question 18

In, _________, other enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors.

Answer 18

mismatch repair

Question 19

A segment of the strand containing the damage is cut out by a DNA-cutting enzyme called

Answer 19

nuclease