Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Question 1

is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins.

Answer 1

Gene Expression

Question 2

The expression of genes that code for proteins includes two stages:

Answer 2

Transcription and Translation

Question 3

is the synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA. The two nucleic acids are written in different forms of the same language, and information is simply transcribed or rewritten from DNA to RNA.

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

is the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA. During this stage, there is a change in language.

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

The cell must translate the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule into the _________ of a polypeptide.

Answer 5

amino acid sequence

Question 6

The idea, that the flow if information went only way was named the ________ by Francis Crick in 1956.

Answer 6

central dogma

Question 7

The sites of translation are _______, molecular complexes that facilitate the orderly linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains.

Answer 7

ribosomes

Question 8

Lacks a nucleus, mRNA produces by transcription is immediately translated without additional processing.

Answer 8

Bacterial cell

Question 9

The nucleus provides a separate compartment for transcription. The original RNA transcript, called pre-mRNA, is process in various ways before leaving the nucleus as mRNA.

Answer 9

Eukaryotic cell

Question 10

How many nucleotide bases are thee to specify 20 amino acids?

Answer 10

four

Question 11

Experiments have verified that the flow of information from gene to protein is based on a __________.

Answer 11

triplet code

Question 12

How many nucleotide, then, would turn out to correspond to an amino acid?

Answer 12

Three

Question 13

Triplets of Nucleotides

Answer 13

Codons

Question 14

Synthesis of an RNA Transcript:

Answer 14

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 15

After RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, the polymerase unwinds the DNA strands and initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.

Answer 15

Initiation

Question 16

Exposing 10-20 DNA nucleotides at a time for pairing with RNA nucleotides. With 5’ to 3’ direction. Newly synthesized RNA molecule peels away. And, rate of 40 nucleotides/sec in eukaryotes.

Answer 16

Elongation

Question 17

Polyadenylation signal sequence. AAUAAAA. 10-35 nucleotides from signal (proteins cut the RNA transcript free). And, pre-mRNA undergoes processing.

Answer 17

Termination

Question 18

Enzyme in the eukaryotic nucleus modify pre-mRNA in specific ways before the genetic message is dispatched to the cytoplasm. Both ends of the primary transcript are altered.

Answer 18

RNA Processing

Question 19

The 3’ end, which is synthesized first, receives a 5’ cap, a modified form of guanine (G) nucleotide added onto the 5’ end after transcription of the first 20-40 nucleotides have been transcribed.

Answer 19

Capping

Question 20

At the 3’ end, an enzyme then adds 50-250 more adenine (A) nucleotides, forming a ply-A tail.

Answer 20

Tailing

Question 21

Large portions of the RNA primary transcript molecules are removed and the remaining portions are reconnected.

Answer 21

RNA Splicing