The Cells

Question 1

Most cells are somatic cells are called

Answer 1

Body Cells

Question 2

Somatic cells have two copies of the genome and are said to be ____________

Answer 2

Diploid

Question 3

The ________, which are sperm and egg cells, have one copy of the genome and are ____________.

Answer 3

Germ Cells
Haploid

Question 4

Stem cells are diploid cells that divide to give rise to differentiated cells, and to other stem cells in a process called

Answer 4

Self renewal

Question 5

4 types of tissues

Answer 5

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Question 6

it does not have a nucleus, the structure that contains DNA in the cells of the other types of organisms.

Answer 6

Prokaryotic Cells

Question 7

__________ is also distinguished from a prokaryotic cell structures called __________, which perform specific functions.

Answer 7

Eukaryotic Cells
organelles

Question 8

The cells of all three domains contain globular assemblies of RNA and protein called ____________ that are essential for protein synthesis.

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

The large purplish structure is a __________, part of the human immune system.

Answer 9

macrophage

Question 10

The major macromolecules that make up cells and that cells use as fuel are _____________ (sugars and starches), __________ (Fats and oil), _______ and _______ (DNA and RNA).

Answer 10

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic Acid

Question 11

it provides energy and contribute to cell structure.

Answer 11

Caborhydrates

Question 12

it forms the basis of some hormones, form membranes, provide insulation and store energy.

Answer 12

Lipids

Question 13

it have many diverse function in the body. they enable blood to clot, form the contractile fibers of muscle cells, and form the bulk of the body’s connective tissues.

Answer 13

protein

Question 14

important proteins because they facilitate, or catalyze, biochemical reactions so that they occur fast enough to sustain life.

Answer 14

Enzymes

Question 15

which translate information from past generations into specific collections of proteins that give a cell its characteristics.

Answer 15

Nucleic Acid (DNA & RNA)

Question 16

A type eukaryotic cell holds a thousand times the volume of a bacterial cell.

Answer 16

Organelles

Question 17

The most prominent organelle of most cells is the _______

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

A layer called the _________ surrounds the nucleus.

Answer 18

Nuclear Envelope

Question 19

on the inner face of the nuclear memberane is a layer of a fibrous material

Answer 19

Nuclear Lamina

Question 20

Inside the nucleus is an area that appears darkened under a microscope called the _________

Answer 20

Nucleolus

Question 21

the remainder of the cell–that is, everything but the nucleus, organelles and the outer boundary,
2 answers

Answer 21

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)
Cytoplasm (Cytosol)

Question 22

The release of a substance from a cell

Answer 22

Secretion

Question 23

In response, information in certain genes is copied into molecules of ____________ which then exit the nucleus.

Answer 23

Messenger RiboNucleic Acid

Question 24

In the cytoplasmn the mRNAs with the help of ribosomes and another type of RNA called ___________, direct the manufacture of milk proteins

Answer 24

transer mRNA

Question 25

The genetic headquarters and two membranes layers that make up the nuclear envelope. Nucleus through the envelope.

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

The largest structure in a typical human cell, the nucleus lies within

Answer 26

nucleolus

Question 27

it allows specific molecules to move in and out of the nucleus through the envelope

Answer 27

Nuclear

Question 28

Most protein synthesis occurs on a maze of interconnected membranous tubules and sacs called the ______________

Answer 28

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 29

The proteins exit the ER in membrane-bounded, saclike organelles, which pinch off from the tubular endings of the membrane.

Answer 29

Vesicles

Question 30

A loaded vesicles takes it contents to the next stop in the secretory production line, a ____________ which looks like a stack of pancakes.

Answer 30

Golgi Apparatus

Question 31

a processing center with a column of four to six interconnected flat, membrane-enclosed sacs that resemble a stack of pancakes. This is where sugars are made.

Answer 31

Golgi Apparatus

Question 32

a type of transport of molecules between cells uses vesicles called _________ that bud from one cell and then travel to merge with, and empty their contents into other cells.

Answer 32

Exomes

Question 33

- A saclike organelle containing enzymes that degrade debris. - Membrane-bounded sacs that contain enzymes that dismantle bacterial remnants, worn out organelles, and other materials such as excess cholesterol.

Answer 33

Lysosomes (Trash Center)

Question 34

- A process in which a cell dismantles its own debris. - The cell's disposing of its own trash is

Answer 34

Autophagy

Question 35

- A vesicle that buds inward from the plasma membrane

Answer 35

Endosome

Question 36

- An organelle with a single outer membrane that is studded with proteins and that houses enzymes that catalyze diverse reaction. - Sacs with single outer membranes that are studded with several types of protein and that house enzymes that perform a variety of function.

Answer 36

Perixomes

Question 37

- An organellle consisting consisting of a double membrane that houses enzymes that catalyze reactions that extract energy from nutrients. - Extracts energy

Answer 37

Mitochondrion

Question 38

it provides energy by breaking the chemical gbonds that hold together thee nutrient in food.

Answer 38

Mitochondria

Question 39

which are infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion increases the available surface area containing enzymes for energy reactions.

Answer 39

Cristae

Question 40

- Membrane network; rough ER has ribosomes, smoot ER does not - Site of protein synthesis and folding; lipid synthesis

Answer 40

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 41

- Stacks of membrane - enclosed sacs - Site where sugars are made and linked into starches or joined to lipids or proteins; proteins finish folding; secretion stored

Answer 41

Golgi Apparatus

Question 42

- Sac containing digestive enzymes - Degrades debris; recycle cell contents

Answer 42

Lysosome

Question 43

- Two membranes; inner membrane enzyme -studded - Releases energy from nutrients

Answer 43

Mitochondrion

Question 44

- Porous, double membraned saac containing DNA - Separates DNA within cell

Answer 44

Nucleus

Question 45

- Sac containing enzymes - Breaks down and detoxifies various molecules

Answer 45

Perixosomes

Question 46

- Two associated globular subunits of RNA and protein - Scaffold and catalyst for protein synthesis

Answer 46

Ribosomes

Question 47

- Membrane-bounded sac - Temporarily stores or transport substances

Answer 47

Vesicle

Question 48

a series of molecules that are part of the plasma membrane form pathways that detects signals from outside the cell and transmit them inward, where yet other molecules orchestrate the cell's response.

Answer 48

Signal Transduction

Question 49

The plasma membrane helps attach to certain other cells.

Answer 49

Cellular Adhesion

Question 50

- A meshwork of proteins rods and tubules that serves as the cell's architecture, positioning organelles and providing overall three-dimensional shapes. - made of protein rods and tubules.

Answer 50

Cytoskeleton

Question 51

Cytoskeleton 3 major types of elements

Answer 51

Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments

Question 52

- composed of pairs (dimers) of a protein, called ______, assembled into a hollow tube. - a hollow structure built of tubulin protein that forms part of the cytoskeleton

Answer 52

Microtubules Tubulin

Question 53

- Built of Microtubules - hairlike structures

Answer 53

Cilia ( "cells eyelashes")

Question 54

Growth, development, maintaining health, and healing from disease or injury require an intricate interplay between the rates of ____________ and ___________

Answer 54

Mitosis Cytokinesis

Question 55

which divide the DNA and the rest of the cell, respectively, and apoptis.

Answer 55

Cytokinesis

Question 56

A form of cell death

Answer 56

Apoptosis

Question 57

A series of events called the _________ describes the sequence of activities as cell prepares fod and undergoes division.

Answer 57

Cell Cycle

Question 58

2 major stages of cell cycle

Answer 58

Interphase Mitosis

Question 59

Divison of somatic (non-sex) cells

Answer 59

Mitosis

Question 60

- it produces sperm or eggs, which have half the amount of genetic material that somatic cells do. - A form of cell that halves the number of chromosomes, forming haploid gametes.

Answer 60

Meiosis

Question 61

most proteins are also synthesized during this phase. Including those that form the _________, which will pull the chromosome apart

Answer 61

mitotic spindle

Question 62

A structures that organizes microtubules into the mitotic spindle

Answer 62

Centriole

Question 63

The largest constriction in a chromosome, at a specific site in each chromosome type.

Answer 63

Centrosome

Question 64

The long strands of chromosomal material in replicated chromosomes are called ________________

Answer 64

Chromatid

Question 65

The first stage of mitosis, DNA coils tightly.

Answer 65

prophase

Question 66

Chromosomes attach to spindle at their centromeres and align along of the cell, which is called _____________

Answer 66

Metaphase Equator

Question 67

The plasma membrane indents at the center, where the metaphase chromosomes line up.

Answer 67

Anaphase

Question 68

The cell looks like a dumbbell with a set of chromosomes at each end.

Answer 68

Telophase

Question 69

made of in a gland and transported in the bloodstream to another part of the body. Where it experts a specific effecr.

Answer 69

Hormones

Question 70

Somatic (body) cells are diploid, and _______ (sperm cell and egg cells) are ___________. Stem cells produces new cells.

Answer 70

Germ Cells Haploid

Question 71

it does not have a nucleus or other organelles.

Answer 71

Prokaryotic Cells

Question 72

has organelles, including a nucleus

Answer 72

Eukaryotic Cells

Question 73

Cells consists of primarily of water and 4 types of macromolecules:

Answer 73

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Question 74

Organelles sequester related biochemical reactions, improving the efficiency of life functions and proteticting cells. The cell consists of ________ and chemicals.

Answer 74

Cytoplasm

Question 75

The nucleus contains DNA and a ____________, a site of ribosomes synthesis.

Answer 75

Nucleolus

Question 76

it provides scaffolds for protein synthesis; they exit free in the cytoplasm or complexed with the exist free in the cytoplasm or complexed with the _____________.

Answer 76

Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 77

it carries the information held in a gene's DNA sequence and transer RNA (tRNA) connects the mRNA to protein building blocks (amino acids).

Answer 77

Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA)

Question 78

The site of lipids synthesis, transport and packaging: the ____________ packages secretions into ______________, which exit through the ___________.

Answer 78

Golgi Apparatus Plasma Membrane

Question 79

___________ ferry molecules between cells.

Answer 79

Exosomes

Question 80

it contains enzymes that dismantle debris through autophagy.

Answer 80

Lysosomes

Question 81

are vesicles derived from the plasma membrane that ferry material to lysosomes.

Answer 81

Endosomes

Question 82

house of enzxymes that catalyzes a variety of chemical reactions.

Answer 82

Perixosomes

Question 83

Enzymes in ______ extract energy from nutrients.

Answer 83

Mitochondria