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CYTOGENTICS > Meiosis, Development and Aging > Flashcards

Meiosis, Development and Aging Flashcards

1
Q

Complex multi-step process that is complete in 24 hours

A

Fertilization

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2
Q
  • The sperm from a male meets an ovum from a female and forms a zygote
  • The first cell that a lead to development of a new individual is a fetilized ovum
A

Zygote

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3
Q

It forms when a _________ form a male and an _________ (also called an egg cell) from a female joint.

A

sperm
oocyte

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4
Q

The point in which pregnancy begins and leads to a ___day journey for a female

A

280 day

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5
Q

Sperm and oocyte are ________, or sex cells

A

Gametes

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6
Q

Paired structures, called _________, where the sperm and oocyte are manufactured:

A

Gonads

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7
Q

Male Gametes:
The _____________ are packed into paired, oval organs called testes.

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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8
Q

Also passes through the epididymis and ductus deferentia, where they mature before exiting the body through the urethra during sexual intercourse.

A

Male Gametes

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9
Q

Originates in the ovaries

A

Female Gametes

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10
Q

The female sex cells develop in paired organs in the abdomen

A

Ovaries

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11
Q

The uterine tube carries the oocyte into a muscular, saclike organ

A

Uterus or Womb

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12
Q

Oocytes are ____________

A

Female gametes

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13
Q

Female Gametes: Each month after puberty, one vary releases an oocyte into a uterine tube.

The oocyte then moves to the uterus for implantation or __________

A

Expulsion

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14
Q
  • Packed, paired, oval organs of seminiferous tubules
  • Male Gonads
A

Testes

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15
Q
  • Lie outside the abdomen within a sac
  • This location keeps the testes cooler than the rest of the body for the development of sperm.
A

Scrotum

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16
Q

A tightly coiled tube in which sperm cells mature and are stored.

A

Epididymis

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17
Q

Epididymis continues to another tube

A

ductus deferens

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18
Q

Tube that carries sperm and urine out of body through the penis

A

Urethra

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19
Q

a pleasable sensation. Accompanied by rhythmic muscular contractions that eject the sperm from each ductus deferens

20
Q

Discharge of sperm from the penis (delivers 200 to 600 million sperm cells)

A

Ejaculation

21
Q

3 glands that add secretions along the sperm’s path

A

Prostate Gland
Seminal Vesicles
Bulbourethral Gland

22
Q

■ The ductus deferentia/deferens pass through this.
■ Produces a thin, milky, acidic fluid that activates the sperm to swim.

A

Prostate Gland

23
Q
  • Opening into the ductus deferens; a duct
  • Secrete fructose (an energy-rich sugar) and hormone like
    prostaglandins (stimulates contractions in the female that help sperm and oocytes meet)
A

Seminal Vesicles

24
Q

■ Each about the size of a pea.
■ For alkalinity of pH mucus.
■ Join the urethra where it passes through the body wall.
■ Secrete an alkaline mucus that coats the urethra before sperm are released.

A

Bulbourethral Gland

25
Q

○ Female sex cells develop in paired organs in the abdomen.
○ Female gonads
○ Houses oocytes in different stages of development.

26
Q

○ Muscular, saclike organ.
○ The uterine tube carries the oocyte in this organ.
○ Its lower end narrows and leads to the cervix.

A

Uterus or Womb

27
Q
  • Opens into a tubelike vagina
28
Q

Where the oocyte (released from the ovary) may encounter the sperm

A

Uternine Tube

29
Q

Fertilized Ovum

  • After a day, the first cell divides while moving through the uterine tube.
  • Settles into a lining of the uterus to continue dividing and developing into an _______.
  • If not fertilized, it will be expelled through ________.
A

embryo
menstruation

30
Q

Contains one copy of the genome from each parent (haploid)

31
Q

Contains two copies of the genome (diploid)

A

Somatic Cells (Body cells)

32
Q

Chromosomes pairs are called

A

Homologous Pairs

33
Q

A genetically overloaded cell, with more than two sets of chromosomes

34
Q

Meiosis is actually 2 divisions of the genetic material.

A

Reduction Meiosis
Equational Meiosis

35
Q
  • Mixes up trait combinations
  • Occurs after Interphase (replication of DNA)
36
Q

Where games form special cells called

37
Q

Sculpts the distinctive characteristics of sperm and oocyte

A

Maturation

38
Q

Contribute 23 different chromosomes constituting one copy of the genome, to a fertilized ovum

39
Q

Contain 23 pairs of chromosomes = 46 in total.

A

Somatic Cells

40
Q
  • First division of the genetic material in Meiosis
A

Reduction Division

41
Q
  • Random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase I
  • Fate of a gene on one chromosome is not influenced by a gene on a different chromosome.
A

Independent Assortment

45
Q
A

Interphase II

CYTOGENTICS (3 decks)

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