THE CELLS

Question 1

Are cells without a nucleus. The DNA in_________________
cells is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane. _________________are found in single-celled organisms, such as bacteria

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells

Question 2

are cells that contain a nucleus.
cells also contain membrane-bound
organelles besides the nucleus.

Answer 2

EUKARYOTIC CELL

Question 3

is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell

Answer 3

Organelle

Question 4

Genetic Material in Prokaryotes

Answer 4

Nucleoid and Plasmid

Question 5

Cells are composed of molecules
3 major macromolecules of the cells:

Answer 5

Carbohydrates (Sugars and
Starches)
2. Lipids (Fats and Oils)
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Question 6

provide energy and contribute to cell structure.

Answer 6

Carbohydrates

Question 7

form the basis of several
types of hormones, form
membranes, provide insulation and
store energy

Answer 7

Lipids

Question 8

Blood clotting, nerve
transmission, and muscle
contraction.

Answer 8

Proteins

Question 9

that fight bacteria

Answer 9

Antibodies

Question 10

infection are proteins
________ are proteins that facilitate or catalyze biochemical reactions

Answer 10

Enzymes

Question 11

translate information from past generations into specific collections of proteins that give a cell its individual characteristics

Answer 11

Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA

Question 12

CENTRAL DOGMA

Question 13

provide specialized
functions for the cell.

Answer 13

Organelles

Question 14

All cell types have a single nucleus,
except for the _________, which expel their nucleus as they mature

Answer 14

red blood cells

Question 15

that envelops every eukaryotic cell
consists of phospholipids,
cholesterol, and proteins, with
oligosaccharide chains covalently
linked to many of the
phospholipids and proteins.

Answer 15

The plasma membrane (cell
membrane or plasmalemma)

Question 16

This limiting membrane functions
as a selective barrier regulating
the passage of materials into and
out of the cell and facilitating the
transport of specific molecules.

Answer 16

The plasma membrane (cell
membrane or plasmalemma)

Question 17

Maintains intracellular structural
support and organization of cells;
participates in cell division; facilitates movement

Answer 17

Cytoskeleton

Question 18

Contains three types of polymers:

Answer 18

(1) microtubules 25 nm in diameter; (2) actin filaments or microfilaments (5-7 nm); and (3) intermediate filaments
(8-10 nm)

Question 19

The inner fluid component of the
cell otherwise known as ________,
houses/bathes the organelles

Answer 19

Cytosol

Question 20

Outer environment
of the cell

Answer 20

Cytoplasm

Question 21

are macromolecular machines that
assemble polypeptides from amino acids on molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) in a sequence specified by mRNA

Answer 21

RIBOSOME

Question 22

Organelle that acts as the site of protein synthesis.

Answer 22

RIBOSOME

Question 23

building blocks of proteins

Answer 23

Amino acids

Question 24

Located at the Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)

Answer 24

RIBOSOME

Question 25

is a major site for vital cellular
activities, including biosynthesis of
proteins and lipids.

Numerous Ribosomes attached to the membrane in some regions of ER allow two types of ER to be distinguished.

Answer 25

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 26

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Answer 26

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 27

Biosynthesis of Proteins
Studded with Ribosomes

Answer 27

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum