THE CELLS Flashcards
Are cells without a nucleus. The DNA in_________________
cells is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane. _________________are found in single-celled organisms, such as bacteria
Prokaryotic cells
are cells that contain a nucleus.
cells also contain membrane-bound
organelles besides the nucleus.
EUKARYOTIC CELL
is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell
Organelle
Genetic Material in Prokaryotes
Nucleoid and Plasmid
Cells are composed of molecules
3 major macromolecules of the cells:
Carbohydrates (Sugars and
Starches)
2. Lipids (Fats and Oils)
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
provide energy and contribute to cell structure.
Carbohydrates
form the basis of several
types of hormones, form
membranes, provide insulation and
store energy
Lipids
Blood clotting, nerve
transmission, and muscle
contraction.
Proteins
that fight bacteria
Antibodies
infection are proteins
________ are proteins that facilitate or catalyze biochemical reactions
Enzymes
translate information from past generations into specific collections of proteins that give a cell its individual characteristics
Nucleic acids - DNA and RNA
CENTRAL DOGMA
provide specialized
functions for the cell.
Organelles
All cell types have a single nucleus,
except for the _________, which expel their nucleus as they mature
red blood cells
that envelops every eukaryotic cell
consists of phospholipids,
cholesterol, and proteins, with
oligosaccharide chains covalently
linked to many of the
phospholipids and proteins.
The plasma membrane (cell
membrane or plasmalemma)
This limiting membrane functions
as a selective barrier regulating
the passage of materials into and
out of the cell and facilitating the
transport of specific molecules.
The plasma membrane (cell
membrane or plasmalemma)
Maintains intracellular structural
support and organization of cells;
participates in cell division; facilitates movement
Cytoskeleton
Contains three types of polymers:
(1) microtubules 25 nm in diameter; (2) actin filaments or microfilaments (5-7 nm); and (3) intermediate filaments
(8-10 nm)
The inner fluid component of the
cell otherwise known as ________,
houses/bathes the organelles
Cytosol
Outer environment
of the cell
Cytoplasm
are macromolecular machines that
assemble polypeptides from amino acids on molecules of transfer RNA (tRNA) in a sequence specified by mRNA
RIBOSOME
Organelle that acts as the site of protein synthesis.
RIBOSOME
building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Located at the Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
RIBOSOME
is a major site for vital cellular
activities, including biosynthesis of
proteins and lipids.
Numerous Ribosomes attached to the membrane in some regions of ER allow two types of ER to be distinguished.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Biosynthesis of Lipids
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Biosynthesis of Proteins
Studded with Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
