the cell macromolecules Flashcards
1gm is made up of … cells
10(subscript 9) cells
1kg is made up of … cells
10 (subscript 12)
1 person is made up of … cells
7 x 10 (subscript 13) cells
a chain of sugars forms…
a polysaccharide
a chain of sugars forms…
a polysaccharide
fatty acids form…
fats/ lipids and membranes
amino acids form…
proteins
nucleotides form…
nucleic acids
what are hydrogen bonds
bond between hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom ( NOF)
where do covalent bonds form
between 2 non metals with similar electronegativity
where do ionic bonds form
between a metal and non-metal with different electronegativities
amphipathic
a molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
general formula for polysaccharides
(CH20)n where n is more than or equal to 3
sucrose
glucose + fructose
maltose
glucose + glucose
lactose
glucose + galactose
what substance is glucose stored as in the body and what causes the conversion of glucose to this substance
glycogen- caused by insulin
name 3 functions of glycoproteins
prevent blood cells from sticking together
cell communication
cellular identity
saturated fats
double bonds?
sources
reactivity
no double bonds
meat and dairy produce
not very reactive
unsaturated fats
double bonds?
sources
reactivity
have double bonds (can be mono or polyunsaturated)
plant oils
quite reactive
zwitterion
a compound with no overall electrical charge, but which contains separate parts which are positively and negatively charged
cystic fibrosis
an inherited condition
resulting in production of sticky mucus
clogs digestive system and lungs
causes recurrent lung infections and inflammation
shortened life span
describe the charge of a cell
inside negative relative to outside .˙. cations attracted in
tonicity
refers to the effect a solution has on a cell
