The Cell Cycle (Chapter 12)

Question 1

Cell division

Answer 1

Continuity of life based on reproduction of cells.

Question 2

Key role of Cell Division

Answer 2

Growth, repair and reproduction.

Question 3

Cell Cycle

Answer 3

Life of cell from formation to its own division.

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

All DNA in a Cell (single DNA molecule ((prokaryotic)) or many DNA molecules ((eukaryotic)) )

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

What DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into.

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

In Eukaryotic chromosomes, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.

Question 7

Somatic cells

Answer 7

(non-reproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes.

Question 8

Gametes

Answer 8

(reproductive cells) have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.

Question 9

Sister Chromatids

Answer 9

Duplicated Chromosomes, joined copies of original chromosomes, separate during cell division.

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

Narrow waist of duplicated chromosomes where two chromatids most closely attach.

Question 11

Mitosis

Answer 11

(Eukaryotic) division of genetic material in nucleus.

Question 12

Cytokinesis

Answer 12

(eukaryotic) division of cytoplasm. Begins during anaphase or telophase.

Question 13

Meiosis

Answer 13

Gametes produced.

Question 14

Mitotic (M) phase

Answer 14

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 15

Interphase

Answer 15

cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division. (90% of cell cycle)

Question 16

Interphase phases

Answer 16

G1 phase, first gap
S phase, synthesis (chromosomes duplicate)
G2 phase, second gap

Question 17

Five phases of Mitosis

Answer 17

Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase 
Telophase

Question 18

Mitotic Spindle

Answer 18

structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis.

Question 19

Centrosome

Answer 19

Replicates during interphase and migrates to opposite ends of cell, assembly of spindle microtubules.

Question 20

Aster

Answer 20

radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome

Question 21

Kinetochores

Answer 21

protein complexes associated with centromeres

Question 22

Metaphase plate

Answer 22

imaginary structure at midway point between spindle’s two poles

Question 23

cleavage (cleavage furrow)

Answer 23

process by which cytokinesis (animal) is accomplished.

Question 24

Cell plate

Answer 24

forms during cytokinesis (plant)

Question 25

Binary fission

Answer 25

cell division preformed by prokaryotes

Question 26

origin of replication

Answer 26

(prokaryotes) chromosome replicates and daughter chromosomes actively move apart.

Question 27

Cell cycle control system

Answer 27

directs sequential events of cell cycle

Question 28

G0 phase

Answer 28

the phase in which a cell does not divide.

Question 29

Growth factors

Answer 29

external signals that encourage or limit growth, a protein released by the cell to stimulate other cells to divide.

Question 30

Density dependent inhibition

Answer 30

crowded cells stop dividing.

Question 31

anchorage dependence

Answer 31

Cells that must be attached to substratum in order to divide.

Question 32

Transformation

Answer 32

the process by which normal cells are converted to cancerous cells.

Question 33

Benign tumor

Answer 33

abnormal cells remain at original site

Question 34

Malignant tumor

Answer 34

invade surrounding tissues

Question 35

metasitasize

Answer 35

export cancer cells to other parts of body.