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Y1 BIOLOGY | Cells > The cell cycle and mitosis > Flashcards

The cell cycle and mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

In order, what are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?

A
  • Interphase
  • Mitosis
  • Cytokinesis

- Interphase not apart of mitosis

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2
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

Cell grows, new organelles made, DNA replicates
- No active division

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3
Q

In order, what are the three stages of interphase?

A

G1 - first gap
S - synthesis of new DNA
G2 - second gap

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4
Q

What happens during G1 in interphase?

A
  • Cell grows
  • New organelles made
  • Proteins are made
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5
Q

What happens during S phase in interphase?

A

DNA replicates

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6
Q

What happens during G2 in interphase?

A
  • Cell keeps growing
  • Proteins needed for cell division are made
  • ATP produced
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7
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

The nucleus of the cell divides in two

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8
Q

In order, what are the four stages of mitosis?

A
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
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9
Q

What happens during prophase in mitosis?

A
  • Chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope
  • Nuclear envelope disintegrates and the nucleolus disappears, leaving chromosomes free in the cytoplasm
  • Centrioles (bundles of protein) move to opposite ends of cell and form spindle fibres
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10
Q

What happens during metaphase in mitosis?

A
  • Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
  • Each chromosome attaches to spindle fibres by their centromere
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11
Q

What happens during anaphase in mitosis?

A
  • The centromeres divide to separate each pair of sister chromatids
  • Spidle fibres contract, pulling the chromatids to opposite pole of the cell
  • Each chromatid is pulled by its centromere, causing them to appear ‘v’ shaped
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12
Q

What happens during telophase in mitosis?

A
  • Chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell
  • Chromatids uncoil and become long thin chromosomes again
  • A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and nucleolus reforms
  • Two new nuclei produced
  • Spindle disintegrates
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13
Q

What happens after mitosis?

A

Cytokinesis

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14
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm divides and produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to one another

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15
Q

What is the purpose of chromosomes condensing during prophase?

A
  • Ensures that large amounts of DNA can fit in small space
  • Ensures that DNA is organised when daughter cells split
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16
Q

What is mitosis important for?

A
  • Growth
  • Repair
  • Asexual reproduction
  • Production of stem cells
17
Q

How do we calculate the mitotic index (MI)?

A

MI = Number of cells with condensed chromosomes / total number of cells

Y1 BIOLOGY | Cells (10 decks)

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