Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 BIOLOGY | Cells > Structure of eukaryotic cells > Flashcards

Structure of eukaryotic cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

A

In multi-cellular organisms such as animals, plants and fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 10 key organelles in eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Cell-surface membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
  • Golgi apparatus & golgi vesicles
  • Lysosomes
  • Ribosomes
  • Rough ER & smooth ER
  • Cell wall
  • Cell vacuole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the structure of the cell-surface membrane

A
  • Phospholipid bilayer
  • Molecules embedded within and attached on the outside
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the function of the cell-surface membrane

A
  • Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
  • Has receptor molecules on its surface which allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A
  • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear envelope (double membrane)
  • Has nuclear pores
  • Contains chromosomes: protein-bound linear DNA
  • Contains one or more nucleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus

A
  • Site of DNA replication and transcription
  • Contains genetic code for each cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the function of the nucleolus in the nucleus

A

Synthesises ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the function of the nuclear pores of the nucleus

A

Allows substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

A
  • Has a double membrane
  • Inner membrane folded to form cristae
  • Inside inner membrane is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the function of the mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of a chloroplast

A
  • Surrounded by a double membrane
  • Contains fluid substance called the stroma
  • Contains thylakoid membranes, which stack up to form grana
  • Grana linked together by lamellae (thin, flat thylakoid membranes)
  • Contains small circular DNA and ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the function of a chloroplast

A

The site of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of the golgi apparatus

A
  • Stack of fluid-filled membranes that make up flattened sacs called cisternae
  • Contains vesicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the function of the golgi apparatus

A
  • Modifies & packages lipids and proteins
  • Produces lysosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the function of the golgi vesicles

A

Transports lipids and proteins

17
Q

Describe the structure of a lysosome

A
  • Surrounded by a membrane
  • Contains hydrolytic enzymes
18
Q

Describe the function of a lysosome

A
  • Releases hydrolytic enzymes called lysozymes through exocytosis
  • Hydrolyses phagocytic cells
  • Digests worn out organelles
  • Breaks down dead cells
19
Q

Describe the structure of a ribosome

A
  • No membrane
  • Consists of a large and small subunit
  • Made up of proteins and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
  • Either attached to the RER or floats free in cytoplasm
20
Q

Describe the function of a ribosome

A
  • Site where proteins are made
21
Q

Describe the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • System of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space
  • Surface covered in ribosomes
22
Q

Describe the function of the rough endoplasmic recticulum

A

Processes proteins made at the ribosomes

23
Q

Describe the structure of the smooth endoplasmic recticulum

A

System of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space however no ribosomes

24
Q

Describe the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesises, stores and processes lipids & carbohydrates

25
Q

Describe the structure of the cell wall

A
  • Rigid structure that surrounds cells
  • Made of cellulose in plants and algae
  • Made of chitin in fungi
26
Q

Describe the function of the cell wall

A
  • Provides structural strength
  • Prevents cells from bursting as can withstand high osmotic pressures
27
Q

Describe the structure of the vacuole

A
  • Surrounding membrane called a tonoplast
  • Contains cell sap
28
Q

Describe the function of the vacuole

A
  • Maintains pressure in cell keeping it turgid, providing support
  • Pigments may colour petals to attract pollinators

Y1 BIOLOGY | Cells (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions