The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Flashcards
Unit 2 of Honors Biology; Semester 2
The larger a cell becomes, the more demands it places on the DNA. What is this called?
DNA Overload
What are two reasons that cells have to divide?
1) Cells have trouble moving across the cell membrane (Membrane Efficiency)
2) DNA Overload
What are the two main stages of cell division?
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
What is the cell cycle?
The series of events that happen as a cell grows and divides.
What is the G1 Phase?
When cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles
What is the S Phase?
When new DNA is synthesized as the chromosomes are replicated
What is the G2 Phase?
When many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
What is the G0 Phase?
Where the cells that don’t divide go
i.e. sperm, eggs, red blood cells
What is the M Phase? (Mitosis)
When the cell begins to divide
Includes Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What happens during Prophase?
The chromatin condenses to form chromosomes. Spindle fibers form and the nuclear membrane breaks down
What happens during Metaphase?
The chromosomes begin to line up in the center of the cell. Each are connected to spindle fibers at opposite ends of the cell. (Attach to the centromeres)
What happens during Anaphase?
The sister chromatids are split apart to become individual chromosomes and are moved to opposite ends of the cell.
What happens during Telophase?
The new chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and become chromatin. Two new nuclear envelopes form.
What happens during Cytokinesis?
The two cells finally split apart.
How do animal and plant cells differ during cytokinesis?
Animal: cytoplasm pinches in the middle
Plant: new cell wall forms
