DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

What are the 2 reasons DNA is unique?

Answer 2

1) DNA copies our genetic code
2) DNA replicates itself exactly

Question 3

What are the monomers of DNA?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

What are the three parts to a nucleotide?

Answer 4

1) A phosphate group
2) A 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
3) A nitrogen base

Question 5

What are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Answer 5

Thymine [T]
Guanine [G]
Adenine [A]
Cytosine [C]

Question 6

What are purines?

Answer 6

Double rings (Guanine & Adenine)

Question 7

What are pyrimidines?

Answer 7

Single rings (Thymine & Cytosine)

Question 8

What year was DNA discovered?

Answer 8

1953

Question 9

Who discovered DNA? (Hint: 4 scientists)

Answer 9

James Watson
Francis Crick
Maurice Wilkins
Rosalind Franklin

Question 10

In what shape is DNA’s structure?

Answer 10

A double helix

Question 11

What is Chargaff’s Rule?

Answer 11

The percentages of these nitrogen bases are almost equal in any set of DNA
[A] = [T]
[G] = [C]

Question 12

What does DNA Helicase do?

Answer 12

“Unzips” the DNA strand during replication

Question 13

What enzyme helps reattach the nitrogen bases to their base pairs during replication?

Answer 13

DNA Polymerase

Question 14

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 14

1) tRNA (Transfer RNA)
2) mRNA (Messenger RNA)
3) rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Question 15

If a strand of DNA is GCG ATC, what is the complementary strand of DNA?

Answer 15

CGC TAG