The Cell Cycle Flashcards
what is the cell cycle
the stages a cell must go through as it grows and divides
what are the three stages of the cell cycle
interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
what is the order in which a cell goes through each stage of the cell cycle
interphase, mitosis, then cytokinesis
what is the basic order of the cell cycle
-cycle begins
-cell grows
-cell receives instructions regarding division
-DNA replicates
-cell prepares to divide
-mitosis
-cytokinesis
what is interphase
the longest stage of the cell cycle and period where the cell carries out life activities and prepares for cell division
what is DNA like in the interphase stage
very long, thin, invisible stands
what is the name for DNA in the interphase stage
chromatin
what is mitosis
division of the contents in the nucleus
what is cytokinesis
division of the rest of the cell
what are the four phases of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
what happens in the prophase
long strands of DNA condense into identical form
what is DNA called during all stages of mitosis
chromosomes
what is a centromere
it holds two chromatids together
what are the two identical strands of chromosomes called
sister chromatid
what happens in the metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibres fr centrioles attach to centromeres
what happens during the anaphase stage
the centromere splits and sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell
what is a daughter chromosome
a chromosome formed due to the split of sister chromatids during mitosis
what happens during the telophase stage
daughter chromosomes stretch thinner and are no longer visible, new nuclear membrane forms
what happens during cytokinesis
the cytoplasm divides and two genetically identical daughter cells are produced
what is the difference between cytokinesis in animals and plants
-in animals the membrane is pinched off in centre
-in plants a cell plate forms in middle and becomes new cell wall
what do checkpoint in the cycle do
protiens monitor cell activities and messages are sent to the nucleus to say weather or not the cell is ready to divide
when should a cell remain in interphase and not divide
-signals tell cell not to divide
-lack of nutrients for cell growth
-DNA has not been replicated
-DNA is damaged
