Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A BIOL1025 > The Cell Cycle > Flashcards

The Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most basic function of the cell?

A

Duplicates DNA and creates 2 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What takes longer Interphase or M phase?

A

Interphase is longer- 10/12 hours

M phase- 1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define G1

A

The cell-cycle gap phase between M and S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define G2

A

The cell-cycle gap between S and M phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define interphase

A

Period after the End of one M phase and the beginning of the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define M phase

A

The cell-cycle phase during which the duplicated chromosomes are segregated and packaged into daughter nuclei ( mitosis) and distributed into daughter cells( cytokinesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define S phase

A

The cell-cycle phase during which DNA replication and chromosome duplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the DNA packaged in eukaryotic cells?

A

DNA is packed in chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the DNA packaged in eukaryotic cells?

A

DNA is packed in chromatin: the complex of histones, non-histone proteins and nuclear DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the shape of the histone

A

Histone octamer with dimers H3-H4 and H2A-H2B, 2 copies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three minimal DNA sequence elements required for replication and why?

A

1) DNA replicator origin sequence
2) Centromere where kinetochore protein complex is formed allowing for separation
3) Telomere are repeated DNA sequences that allow the end of the chromosomes to be replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are nucleosomes?
What are they composed of?
How many histones in the core?

A

Nucleosome are basic structural units of chromatin
Composed of DNA and histones
4 histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the shape of the nucleosome?

A

4 histones make up the core of the Nucleosomes and share the histone fold formed from 3 alpha helices connected by two loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the shape of the nucleosome?

A

4 histones make up the core of the Nucleosomes and share the histone fold formed from 3 alpha helices connected by two loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In interphase nuclei chromatin is arranged how?

What proteins are involved in this formation?

A

Chromatin is arranged in loops

Architectural Proteins, cohesin complex and CTCF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chromatin loops form / are grouped in what in interphase?

A

They form Topologically Associating Domain (TADS)
TAD are grouped into compartments, these may be transcriptionally-active (type A) or inactive (type B)
compartments belong to individual Chromosomal Territories, which are occupied by single chromosomes decondensed after mitosis

17
Q

How can chromosomal territories can be visualised?

A

Chromosomal territories can be visualised using fluorescent staining A technique to paint chromosomes using multi-colour FISH (spectral karyotyping) helps to visualise entire chromosomes, both in mitosis and during interphase
Loop becomes more extended when gene is being expressed in the loop

18
Q

What is the function of chromatin loop?

A

Function in chromosomal compaction and in the regulation of gene expression

19
Q

In a metaphase, an individual chromatid contains how many DNA molecules?

A

One

20
Q

What is the most important protein in establishing loops?

A

Condensin

21
Q

Cohesin plays an important role in what?

A

Interphase

22
Q

Condensin has an important role in what?

A

Mitosis

23
Q

Cell control is similar in all eukaryotic organism? Yes or no

A

Yes

24
Q

How many cell cycle check points are there and how do they work?

A

Cell cycle checkpoints may arrest the cycle at three different transitions, if something goes wrong. They work like binary switches that launch events in a complete, irreversible fashion

25
Q

Name the 3 checkpoints in the cell cycle

A

Start,
G2/M checkpoint
Metaphase to anaphase transition

26
Q

Describe the start checkpoint
Why is progession stopped?
What states do the cells go into?

A

Progression stopped due to insufficient growth, DNA damage or other preparations are not complete

The cells go into a prolonged non-dividing state

27
Q

What are the control factors of the G2/M checkpoint?

A

DNA damage or completion of DNA replication

28
Q

What can be blocked during the Metaphase to anaphase transition?

A

Initiation of sister chromatid separation

29
Q

What is the cell-cycle control system based on?

A

Cyclincally activated cylin-dependent protein kinases

PHOSPHORYLATION OF PROTEINS DRIVES THE TRANSITION THROUGH THE CELL CYCLE

30
Q

What does the clylin in the cell control system form a complex with and is hence activated

A

Clylin forms a complex with Cdk.

Cdk is activated

31
Q

Name 4 types of cyclin

A

G1 cyclins
G1/S cyclins
S cyclins
M cyclins

A BIOL1025 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions