The cell Flashcards
Define cytosol
The cytosol is the liquid found inside of cells. It is the water-based solution in which organelles, proteins, and other cell structures float. … Cytosol contains proteins, amino acids, mRNA, ribosomes, sugars, ions, messenger molecules, and more
Define the cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. It is mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins.
What’s the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles. Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus that holds genetic material as well as membrane-bound organelles
What does the Nucleus contain?
DNA
Nucleoprotein
RNA
What is the Nucleolus role?
The nucleoli serve as sites for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly.
Describe the Endoplasmic reticulum?
An interconnecting network of membranous tubules, vesicles, and flattened sacs (cisternae)
What are the two types of E.R?
Rough ER- has a studded appearance due to ribosomes. Responsible for synthesizes and secretes/packages protein.
Smooth E.R is responsible for lipid biosynthesis, membrane synthesis, and repair.
What are ribosomes?
Protein factories of the cells
Minute cytoplasmic organelles with 2 subunits
What are the Golgi Apparatus?
Stacks of flattened vesicles which package and process secretory proteins.
Also synthesise complex polysachharides.
What is Lysosome?
Membrane bound organelles.
Act as cellular stomachs
Contain amorphous granular material which are used to break down bacteria and debris
What is peroxisome?
Small membrane bound organelles
Contain enzymes
- Catalase regulated hydrogen peroxide concentration
- Oxidase involved in Beta- oxidation of long chain fatty acids.
What are mitochondria?
Mobile cigar shaped organelle Permeable outer membrane containing porin Folded inner membrane - cristae Filled with amorphous matrix Needed for oxidation + Krebs cycle
Define the role of the cytoskeleton?
This provides strength and support, while also allowing for cell motility.
- Microfilaments fine strands of actin (G and F actin subunits also found in non-contractile cells). In the small intestine, Microfilaments form Microvilli.
Microtubules- Larger than microfilaments, can form cilia (9 pairs of microtubules)
