The cell

Question 1

Describe the structures present in all cells

Answer 1

Cells are divided into 2 compartments 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Both contain a number of organelles.
Cytosol – Organelles and fluid

Question 2

What’s inside Nucleus and Nucleolus

Answer 2

Nucleus contains DNA, Nucleoprotein and some RNA

The Nucleoli serve as sites for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly.

Question 3

Whats structure and role of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 3

an interconnecting network of membranous tubules, vesicles, and flattened sacs (cisternae)
Two forms
Rough ER (Studded appearance due to ribosomes)
Smooth ER
Rough ER synthesizes and secretes/packages proteins
Smooth ER is responsible for lipid biosynthesis, membrane synthesis, and repair

Question 4

Ribosome

Answer 4

Protein factories of the cells

Minute cytoplasmic organelles with 2 subunits.

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Stack of flattened vesicles that package and process secretory proteins.
Also, synthesize complex polysaccharides

Question 6

Lysosome

Answer 6

Membrane bound organelles
Act as cellular stomachs
Contain amorphous granular materials which are used to break down bacteria and debris.

Question 7

Peroxisome

Answer 7

Small membrane-bound organelles
Contain enzymes
Catalase – Regulates hydrogen peroxide conc.
Oxidases – Involved in Beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

Mobile, cigar shaped organelles
Permeable outer membrane containing porin
Folded inner membrane – Cristae
Filled with amorphous matrix
Needed for oxidation + Krebs Cycle

Question 9

Define the role of the cytoskeleton

Answer 9

This provides strength and support, while also allowing for cell motility.
Microfilaments– Fine strands of actin( G and F actin subunits also found in non-contractile cells).In the small intestine, Microfilaments form Microvilli.
Microtubules - Larger than microfilaments, can form cilia (9 pairs of microtubules)