Molecules of life

Question 1

Name the major elements used to construct human biomolecules

Answer 1

O, H, C, N, Na, Cl, K, Ca, S, P

Question 2

State the importance of chemical functional groups in determining biomolecular function.

Answer 2

Functional groups can affect how the molecule acts around others. E.g. OH groups allow for H bonds and solubility in water. S groups allow di-sulfide bridges.

Question 3

Name the 5 types of chemical reactions which occur in living organisms

Answer 3

Redox Reactions – Usually 2 electrons are gained or lost.
Eg. Glycolysis in muscles – Glucose -> Pyruvate -> Lactate

Making/breaking C-C bonds
Eg. Cleavage of Glucose in Glycolysis

Internal Rearrangements
Eg. Glucose-6-Phosphate -> Fructose-6-Phosphate in Glycolysis

Group Transfers
Eg. Transfer of phosphate groups in glycolysis

Condensation/Hydrolysis
Eg. Formation and breaking of nucleic acids and proteins by condensation and hydrolysis reactions respectively.

Question 4

Define conformation

Answer 4

The Precise arrangement of atoms in a molecule (free rotation etc.)

Question 5

Define configuration

Answer 5

The fixed arrangement of atoms in a molecule eg.Cis/Trans