The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell theory principles

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Life processes occur in these cells.
  2. Cells are the basic units of organisation in all organisms.
  3. A cell can arise only by division of a previously existing cell.
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2
Q

Light microscopes operate using ____ light

A

visible

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3
Q

Light microscopes are able to resolve structures that are at least ____ apart

A

200 nm

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4
Q

Transmission electron microscopes resolve images ____ apart

A

0.2nm

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5
Q

Principles of scanning electron microscopes

A

Electrons are beamed on the surface of the specimen and reflected back. Other electrons from the specimen are released from the bombardment. Electrons are then amplified and transmitted to a screen to produce a 3D image.

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6
Q

The DNA within prokaryotes is and found in a region called

A

circular; the nucleoid

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7
Q

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus of eukaryotic cells is called

A

the nuclear envelope

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8
Q

Types of proteins in the plasma membrane

A
  1. Transport proteins - help ions and molecules move across the phospholipid bilayer
  2. Receptor proteins
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9
Q

Two main domains of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria and archaea

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10
Q

Bacterial cell walls are composed of

A

peptidoglycan

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11
Q

Function of the bacterial cell wall

A

Maintains shape of cell, protects the cell and prevents excessive loss or uptake of water.

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

Region within the nucleus where synthesis of rRNA takes place

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13
Q

Nucleosome is composed of

A

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

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14
Q

Eukaryotic cells have an internal protein scaffold called

A

the cytoskeleton

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15
Q

T/F: Animal, fungi and plant cells possess a cell wall.

A

False, only fungi and plant cells possess a cell wall.

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16
Q

Chloroplasts capture light energy via thylakoid membranes arranged in stacks called the

A

grana

17
Q

Long-branching, filamentous structures of fungi

A

Hyphae

18
Q

T/F: Fungi can reproduce sexually or asexually.

A

True

19
Q

T/F: Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular

A

True

20
Q

The genetic material of a virus is found in

A

the capsid (protein coat)