The Cell Flashcards
What two compartments are cells divided into?
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
What is the cytosol?
Organelles and fluid
Describe and define the roles of the nucleus and nucleolus in eukaryotic animal cells
- Nucleus contains DNA, nucleoprotein and some RNA
- nucleoli serve as site for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly
Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum
- interconnecting network of membranous tubules, vesicles and flattened sacs (cisternae)
Give the two types of endoplasmic reticulum
- rough ER
- smooth ER
Give the function of the rough ER
synthesises and secretes/packages proteins
Give the function of the smooth ER
responsible for lipid biosynthesis, membrane synthesis and repair
Describe and give the function of ribosomes
- protein factories of the cells
- minute cytoplasmic organelles with 2 subunits
Describe and give the function of the Golgi apparatus
- stack of flattened vesicles which package and process secretory proteins
- also synthesis complex polysaccharides
Describe and give the function of lysosomes
- membrane bound organelles
- act as cellular stomachs
- contain amorphous granular materials which are used to break down bacteria and debris
Describe and give the function of peroxisomes
- small membrane bound organelles
- contain enzymes
- catalase - regulates hydrogen peroxide concentration
- oxidases - involved in beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids
Describe and give the function of mitochondria
- mobile, cigar shaped organelles
- permeable outer membrane containing porin
- folded inner membrane - cristae
- filled with amorphous matrix
- needed for oxidation and Krebs cycle
Give the role of the cytoskeleton
Provides strength and support while also allowing for cell motility
What do the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton form in the small intestine?
Microvilli
What can microtubules of the cytoskeleton form?
Cilia - 9 pairs of microtubules
