Autonomic Physiology

Question 1

What does the ANS control?

Answer 1

The subconscious activities of the body

Question 2

What are the two subdivisions of the ANS?

Answer 2

• sympathetic

- parasympathetic

Question 3

What is the outflow from the sympathetic system?

Answer 3

Thoracolumbar with nerves coming from T1-12 and L1-2

Question 4

Where are the ganglia in the sympathetic system?

Answer 4

Close to the vertebrae in the sympathetic trunk

Question 5

In the sympathetic system, the preganglionic fibres usually

Answer 5

• enter the trunk
• make the synapse
• have a long postganglionic fibre

Question 6

What is the outflow from the parasympathetic system?

Answer 6

Crania-Sacral with innervation from III, VII, IX and X from the cranial and sacral nerves

Question 7

Parasympathetic fibres

Answer 7

• usually have long preganglionic fibre

- ganglion close to the target

Question 8

Acetylcholine acts on

Answer 8

Cholinergic receptors

• muscarinic
• nicotinic

Question 9

Norepinephrine acts on

Answer 9

Adrenergic receptors

• alpha receptors
• beta receptors

Question 10

All preganglionic fibres, whether they’re sympathetic or parasympathetic release

Answer 10

ACh onto nicotinic receptors

Question 11

In sympathetic nerves, postganglionic fibres release

Answer 11

norepinephrine onto alpha or beta receptors

Question 12

In the adrenal gland

Answer 12

norepinephrine and epinephrine are released directly into the blood

Question 13

In parasympathetic nerves, postganglionic fibres release

Answer 13

ACh onto muscarinic receptors