The Cell Flashcards
The plasma membrane is a ___________, sturdy barrier surrounding the cell contents, separating it from the external environment.
FLEXIBLE
What is it that plasma membranes contain which identify the cell, strengthen the membrane, and move substances in and out of the cell?
MEMBRANE PROTEINS
What is the term, regarding the plasma membrane, which is defined as - it allows some substances to pass through, and not others?
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
The plasma membrane is involved in _____________ between cells, and between cells and their environment.
COMMUNICATION
The regulated fluid inside the cell is called?
INTRACELLULAR FLUID
aka
CYTOSOL
What is the fluid outside the cell called?
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Interstitial fluid (between cells), plasma (in blood vessels), and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord are all examples of which type of fluid?
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Membrane proteins are attached inside or outside one side of the membrane or _________ _________ the membrane.
EMBEDDED WITHIN
Embedded membrane proteins have selective __________ that approve/move molecules from one side of the membrane to the other.
CHANNELS
Membrane proteins identify the cell, strengthen and support cell membranes and _________ with adjacent cell membranes.
CONNECT
What is the name of the finger like projections of the plasma membrane, which function to increase surface area?
MICROVILLI
The entirety of the contents of the cell (intracellular fluid/cytosol and organelles) is refferred to as what?
CYTOPLASM
What are the 2 functions of the cytoplasm?
CELL METABOLISM
+
STORAGE
Name the structure not considered part of the cytoplasm?
NUCLEUS
Where does the formation of ATP (glycolosis) occur?
CYTOPLASM
What is the network of protein filaments within the cytosol called?
CYTOSKELETON
Name the 4 functions of the cytoskeleton?
- PROVIDES A STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
- SCAFFOLD FOR ORGANIZATION/PLACEMENT AND MOVEMENT OF CELL CONTENTS
- FORCE TRANSMISSION
- AIDS IN CELL MOVEMENT
Name the 9 organelles.
HINT: N, R, ER, SER, GC, L, M, C, F
NUCLEUS RIBOSOMES ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM GOLGI COMPLEX LYSOSOME MITOCHONDRIA CILIA FLAGELLA
Name the rounded or elongated structure usually located near the centre of the cell?
NUCLEUS
pleural - NUCLEI
The nucleus, the control centre of the cell, is responsible for which functions of the cell?
METABOLISM \+ GROWTH \+ REPRODUCTION
Which organelle is present in all human cells except for red blood cells?
NUCLEUS
without nucleus, cells have short lives
Which type of cell continually reproduces, without a nucleus?
RED BLOOD CELLS
Which two organelle’s functions is protein synthesis?
RIBOSOMES
+
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Which organelle processes, sorts, packages, and delivers molecules to the plasma membrane or around the cell?
GOLGI COMPLEX
aka
APPARATUS, BODY
Which organelle breaks down substances that the cell has taken in, or normal parts of the cell which are damaged?
LYSOSOME
Which organelle transforms organic compounds into energy (ATP) that is easily accessible to the cell?
MITOCHONDRIA
singular - MITOCHONDRIUM
What does the amount of mitochondria in a cell depend on?
CELLS PURPOSE
Why do muscle cells have lots of mitochondria
VERY ACTIVE CELLS
need ATP
Short, hair-like projections extending from the surface of the cell are known as?
CILIA
singular - CILIUM
Movement of the cilia causes steady movement of fluid/particles along the ______ ________.
CELL SURFACE
TRUE or FALSE
Cilia are thinner, longer, and pointier than microvilli.
TRUE
Which organelle is a tail similar to cilium but longer, which function to move the cell?
FLAGELLA
(example sperm)
singular - FLAGELLUM
Energy substrates are anything the body uses to form _____.
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP
