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Anatomy & Physiology > The cell > Flashcards

The cell Flashcards

Unit 1

1
Q

2 Types of Cells

A

Gainets & Somatic

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2
Q

Gainet cells

A

Sex sells

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3
Q

Somatic cells

A

All other cells (non sex cells)

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4
Q

Cell membrane functions

A
  1. Physical barrier
  2. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
  3. Cell sensitivity
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5
Q

Cell membrane structure

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Proteins
  3. Carbohydrates
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6
Q

phospholipid structure

A

bilayer, fatty acid tails

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7
Q

2 Types of proteins

A

Integral & Peripheral

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8
Q

Protein functions

A
  1. Act as channel
  2. Act as receptors
  3. Identifies
  4. Attachment
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9
Q

Carbohydrates function

A

form glucose

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10
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolver

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11
Q

Solute

A

What’s being dissolved

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12
Q

Solution

A

Soute and solvent together

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13
Q

Concentration

A

Amount of solute per volume of solution

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14
Q

Brownian movement

A

Random movements of solute

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15
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy of movement

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16
Q

Where is kinetic energy found?

A

Solvents

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17
Q

Types of transport processes

A

Passive & Active

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18
Q

Types of Passive transport

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Filtration
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19
Q

Types of diffusion

A

Simple & Facilitated

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20
Q

Saturation

A

to full extent

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21
Q

Passive transport

A

Doesn’t use ATP

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22
Q

Active transport

A

uses ATP

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23
Q

What drives diffusion?

A

Concentration gradient

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24
Q

What moves in diffusion & In what direction

A
  • the solute
  • area of high to area of low
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25
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

process used for substances that cannot cross the Lipid bilayer due to factors

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26
Q

What factor affect the rate of diffusion

A
  1. Size of concentration gradient
  2. Distance between concentration
  3. Size of the solute
  4. Temperature
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27
Q

What drives osmosis

A

Concentration gradient

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28
Q

What moves in osmosis & in what direction

A
  • water
  • area of low to area of high
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29
Q

Toncity terms

A
  1. Hypertonic
  2. Hypotonic
  3. Isotonic
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30
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solution that has a higher solute concentration than cell

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31
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution that has a lower solute concentration than cell

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32
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution that has the same solute concentration as cell

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33
Q

What is the net movement of water in a hypotonic solution

A

Water rushes inside the cell causing it to burst

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34
Q

Lysis

A

occur when the cell swells and burst

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35
Q

What is the net movement of water in a hypertonic solution

A

Water rushes out of the cell causing it to shrink

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36
Q

Cremate

A

cell shrinks

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37
Q

What is the net movement of water in Isotonic solution

A

There is no net movement
-homeostasis

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38
Q

Types of active transport

A

ATP pump
Vesicular transport

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39
Q

What is active transport driven by

A

ATP

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40
Q

Where is ATP pump located

A

Cells membrane

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41
Q

ATP Pump function

A

Move a solute against its concentration gradient

42
Q

Type of vesicle transport

A

endocytosis
exocytosis

43
Q

Endocytosis

A

Cell brings something into it

44
Q

types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

45
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell brings in a large solid

46
Q

Pinocytosis

A

cell brings in a large volume of solution

47
Q

Exocytosis

A

Cell releases or secretes something

48
Q

What is cytoplasm

A

Everything inside the cell

49
Q

2 things inside the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol
Organelles

50
Q

What is cytosol

A

the water and any solutes dissolved in it

51
Q

What is organelles

A

3D structure in the cell

52
Q

What are the types of organelles

A

nonmembranous
membranous

53
Q

define nonmembranous

A

doesnt have a membrane

54
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

cell shape/structure
movement of cell
attachment

55
Q

Microvilli function

A

increase surface area for absorption

56
Q

Cilia function

A

move things across top of cell

57
Q

Centrioles function

A

Move DNA during cell division

58
Q

Ribosome function

A

site of protein synthesis

59
Q

types of ribosomes

A

free
fixed

60
Q

Free ribosome function

A

make proteins that will not be packaged

61
Q

FIxed ribosome function

A

makes proteins that will be packaged

62
Q

Nucleolus

A

site of some RNA synthesis

63
Q

Membranous

A

surrounded by membrane

64
Q

Types of nonmembranous organelles

A

Many Candy Can Not Really Chew
Cytoskeleton
microvilli
cilia
centrioles
ribosomes
nucleolus

65
Q

Types of membranous organelles

A

Many Girls Like Extra Pink Nailpolish
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic recticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Nucleus

66
Q

Mitochondria

67
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum types

A

Rough
smooth

68
Q

Rough ER

A

makes protein

69
Q

Smooth ER

A

site of steriod hormone synthesis
stores calcium

70
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

modify and package proteins made by rough ER

71
Q

Lysosome

A

contains digestive enzymes

72
Q

Peroxisome

A

contains degrade enzymes

73
Q

Nucleus

A

stores DNA

74
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid function

A

store genetic code

75
Q

genetic code

A

blueprints for all proteins

76
Q

Nucleotides

A

building blocks for DNA

77
Q

What does nucleotides contains

A

Phosphate
monosaccharide
Nitrogenous base

78
Q

What monossacharide base does DNA contains

A

Deoxyribose

79
Q

What nitrogenous base does DNA contains

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

80
Q

Complementary base pairing for DNA

A

A -> T
G -> C
Vise versa

81
Q

What is a double helix

A

double strand of DNA

82
Q

DNA replication

A

Occurs in nucleus prior to cell divison

83
Q

DNA polymerase

A

enzyme attach complementary free DNA nucleotides

84
Q

Ribonucleic Acid

85
Q

RNA structure

A

composed of nucleotides
single stranded

86
Q

DNA structure

A

Double stranded
composed of nucleotides

87
Q

What is the monosaccharide base for RNA

88
Q

What is the Nitrogenous base for RNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

89
Q

Types of RNA

A

Transfer RNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA

90
Q

What plays as the factory where parts are assembled

A

RIbosome rRNA

91
Q

what plays as the original blueprint ina safe

A

DNA in the nucleus

92
Q

what plays are the parts that will be assembled

A

amino acids

93
Q

What plays as the copy of blueprint sent to factory

94
Q

What plays as the truck delivery part to factory

95
Q

What is transcription

A

when the DNA is copied

96
Q

Gene:

A

part of DNA that contains the genetic code for protein

97
Q

Triplet

A

Sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases on DNA that codes for a single amino acid in the protein

98
Q

RNA polymerase

A

enzyme attaches complementary free RNA nucleotides

99
Q

What is translation

A

When DNA converts copy to RNA

100
Q

Anticodon

A

sequence of nitrogenous bases on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA

101
Q

Codon

A

Sequence of 3 nitrogenous base on mRNA that code for a single amino acid in the protein

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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