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Anatomy & Physiology > Intro & Chemistry > Flashcards

Intro & Chemistry Flashcards

Unit 1

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of Function

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3
Q

Atom

A

The smallest piece of matter
“Basic building block of all matter”

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4
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms that are attached to each other by chemical bonds

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5
Q

Compound

A

Two or more atoms of two or more elements attached to each other by chemical bonds

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells
1. Epithelial
2. Muscular
3. Connective
4. Nervous

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7
Q

Organ

A

Group of tissues
ex. Live, spleen, kidney

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8
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs
ex. Nervous system, digestive system, etc

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9
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintain a stable internal environment at which the body works at its best

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10
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Stimulate movement away from homeostasis to a finite point, stops, and returns to homeostasis

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11
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Stops movement away from homeostasis and returns back to normal body temperature

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12
Q

ion

A

electrically charged atom

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13
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged atom

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14
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged atom

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15
Q

Acid

A

Compound that releases hydrogen

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16
Q

Base

A

A compound that releases hydroxyl ion

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17
Q

Solvent

A

dissolver

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18
Q

Solute

A

What’s being dissolved

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19
Q

Element

A

smallest unique piece of matter

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20
Q

Ionic bond

A

One element donates its electron to another element

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21
Q

Covalent Bond

A

One atom shares electrons with another

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22
Q

Non polar covalent bond

A

atoms are shared equally

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23
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

atoms are shared unequally

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24
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

-Attached polar compounds together

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25
Q

Peptide bond

A
  • attached amino acids together to form protein
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26
Q

3 Chemical reactions

A
  1. Synthesis
  2. Decomposition
  3. Exchange
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27
Q

Synthesis

A

Smaller pieces attach together to form bigger pieces

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28
Q

Decomposition

A

Bigger pieces break apart into smaller pieces

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29
Q

Exchange

A

Bigger pieces break into smaller pieces then attach to a different piece to create a new bigger piece

30
Q

Inorganic molecules/compounds

A

Doesn’t have both carbon and Hydrogen as their structure

  1. water
  2. Oxygen
  3. Carbon
  4. Salts
  5. Acids and Bases
31
Q

Organic compounds

A

Has both carbon and hydrogen as their structure

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acid
  5. Adenosine triphosphate
32
Q

Types of chemical bonds that attach atoms together to form compounds

A

Ionic bond & Covalent bond

33
Q

Two types of Covalent bond

A
  • Polar
  • Non Polar
34
Q

Types of bond that attach molecules/ compounds together to form bigger molecules/compounds

A

Hydrogen & Peptide

35
Q

Water properties

A
  1. Liquid
  2. Solvent
  3. Transports
  4. High heat capacity
  5. Lubricant (reduce friction)
  6. Chemical reagents (without water chemical reactions wont happen)
36
Q

Oxygen function

A

O2
Used by cells to generate energy

37
Q

Carbon dioxide function

A

CO2
Regulate PH of blood

38
Q

Salts

A

Compounds where the atoms are held together by ionic bonds

39
Q

Function of electrolytes

A
  1. Muscle contraction
  2. Generate energy
  3. Bone development
40
Q

3 forms of Carbohydrates

A
  1. Monosaccharides
  2. Disaccharides
  3. Polysaccharides
41
Q

Monosaccharide

A
  • Smallest sugar
  • Bonds with other
42
Q

5 important monosaccharides & its function/structure

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Fructose
  3. Galacatose
    Used my bells to make energy
  4. Ribose - structure of RNA
  5. Deoxyribose - structure of DNA
43
Q

Disaccharide

A

Two monosaccharides attached together

44
Q

3 primary disaccharides

A
  1. Sucrose
  2. Maltose
  3. Lactose
45
Q

Sucrose breakdown

A

Sugar
Glucose and Fructose

46
Q

Maltose breakdown

A

Found in fruit
Glucose and Glucose

47
Q

Lactose breakdown

A

Found in dairy
Glucose and Galactose

48
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Many monosaccharides attached together

49
Q

3 Important polysaccharides

A
  1. Glycogen
  2. Starch
  3. Celluose
50
Q

Glycogen

A
  • Made by animal cells
  • lots of monosaccharides attached together MAINLY glucose
51
Q

Starch

A

Made by plant cells
Function: energy store

52
Q

Cellulose

A

Made by plant cells
aka: fiber ( doesn’t digest)
Function: structure

53
Q

Organic Compounds

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Protein
  4. Nucleic Acid
  5. Adenosine triphosphate
54
Q

Lipids

A

Contains atoms of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Not good solvents or solute

55
Q

3 Main Lipids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids/Cholesterol

56
Q

Triglycerides

A

Makes way more energy than glucose
Function: used by cells to make energy

57
Q

Phospholipids

A

Polar compound
Function: Main component of a cell membrane

58
Q

Steroids/Cholesterol

A

Without cholesterol -> cant make testosterone
Function: steroid synthesis

59
Q

Types of dietary lipids

A
  1. Saturated
  2. Unsaturated
  3. Trans
60
Q

Saturated Lipid

A

Natural, solid at room temp

61
Q

Unsaturated Lipid

A

Natural, liquid at room temp

62
Q

Trans Lipid

A

Man made

63
Q

Protein

A

Organic molecule composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

64
Q

Amino acids

A

Used by cells to make energy
Used as building blocks to form protein

65
Q

Polypeptides & Proteins

A

Strands of amino acids that are going to be attached to each other by peptide bonds

66
Q

2 Main types of proteins

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Globulus
67
Q

Fibrous

A

ex. collagen, Keratin
strand of amino acids that looks like a thread
Form structure of cell or tissue

68
Q

Globulus

A

ex. hormones, enzymes, hemoglobin
Strand of amino acid folded
Function: makes things functional

69
Q

Nucleic Acid

A
  1. RiboNucleic Acid
  2. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
70
Q

Adenosine triphosphate

A

Function: energy

71
Q

Main elements of the body

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Hydrogen
  3. Carbon

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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